DNA Repair Gene Mutations as Predictors of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response beyond Tumor Mutation Burden

• Published in: Cell reports. Medicine 2020-06, Vol.1 (3), p.100034, Article 100034
• Main Authors: Hsiehchen, David, Hsieh, Antony, Samstein, Robert M., Lu, Tianshi, Beg, Muhammad S., Gerber, David E., Wang, Tao, Morris, Luc G.T., Zhu, Hao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics; cancer biomarkers; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - drug therapy; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - genetics; Cohort Studies; DNA repair; DNA Repair - genetics; Female; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use; immunotherapy; Lung Neoplasms - drug therapy; Lung Neoplasms - genetics; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation - genetics; survival; Tumor Burden - drug effects; Tumor Burden - genetics
• ISSN: 2666-3791; 2666-3791
• DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100034

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy, but prediction of their benefit is challenging. Neoantigens generated through impaired non-mismatch DNA repair may result in greater ICI activity. By analyzing 1,661 ICI-treated patients, we show that deletions and mutations in nucleotide excision repair (NER) and homologous repair (HR) pathways are predictors of ICI benefit independent of tumor mutation burden and tumor type. NER and HR mutations are also associated with objective response rates to ICIs in esophagogastric and non-small-cell lung cancers. In a cohort of 40,181 unique patients, NER and HR mutations are present in 3.4% and 13.9% of cancers, respectively. These results indicate that NER and HR gene mutations occur in a subpopulation of cancer patients and may aid patient selection for ICI therapy. Assessing NER and HR mutations in the context of other biomarkers may yield powerful predictors of ICI activity across different cancer types. [Display omitted] NER and HR gene mutations predict overall survival benefit with immunotherapyPredictive value of NER and HR gene mutations is independent of mutation burdenObjective responses to immunotherapy are more frequent in NER and HR mutant cancersNER and HR gene mutations occur in 3.4% and 13.9% of cancers, respectively Hsiehchen et al. show that NER and HR gene mutations are associated with longer survival in cancer patients treated with immunotherapy. This association is seen in multiple cancer types and independent of mutation burden. NER and HR gene mutations occur in 3.4% and 13.9% of annotated cancers, respectively.