Intranasal Exposure to Rift Valley Fever Virus Live-Attenuated Strains Leads to High Mortality Rate in Immunocompetent Mice

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a pathogenic arthropod-borne virus that can cause serious illness in both ruminants and humans. The virus can be transmitted by an arthropod bite or contact with contaminated fluids or tissues. Two live-attenuated veterinary vaccines-the Smithburn (SB) and Clone 13...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2022-11, Vol.14 (11), p.2470
Main Authors: Lacote, Sandra, Tamietti, Carole, Chabert, Mehdi, Confort, Marie-Pierre, Conquet, Laurine, Pulido, Coralie, Aurine, Noémie, Baquerre, Camille, Thiesson, Adrien, Pain, Bertrand, De Las Heras, Marcelo, Flamand, Marie, Montagutelli, Xavier, Marianneau, Philippe, Ratinier, Maxime, Arnaud, Frédérick
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abortion
Aerosols
Africa
Animals
Arthropods
attenuated vaccine strains
Cloning
Coccidioidomycosis
Disease transmission
Encephalitis
Epidemics
Fever
Fibroblasts
Growth factors
Humans
Immunocompetence
Infections
Inoculation
intranasal exposure
Life Sciences
Mice
Microbiological research
Microbiology and Parasitology
Mortality
Neurovirulence
Pathogenicity
Patient outcomes
Rift Valley Fever
Rift Valley fever virus
Stem cells
Vaccines
Vaccines, Attenuated - adverse effects
Viral Vaccines - adverse effects
Virology
Virulence
Virulence (Microbiology)
Viruses
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Summary:Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a pathogenic arthropod-borne virus that can cause serious illness in both ruminants and humans. The virus can be transmitted by an arthropod bite or contact with contaminated fluids or tissues. Two live-attenuated veterinary vaccines-the Smithburn (SB) and Clone 13 (Cl.13)-are currently used during epizootic events in Africa. However, their residual pathogenicity (i.e., SB) or potential of reversion (i.e., Cl.13) causes important adverse effects, strongly limiting their use in the field. In this study, we infected immunocompetent mice with SB or Cl.13 by a subcutaneous or an intranasal inoculation. Interestingly, we found that, unlike the subcutaneous infection, the intranasal inoculation led to a high mortality rate. In addition, we detected high titers and viral N antigen levels in the brain of both the SB- and Cl.13-infected mice. Overall, we unveil a clear correlation between the pathogenicity and the route of administration of both SB and Cl.13, with the intranasal inoculation leading to a stronger neurovirulence and higher mortality rate than the subcutaneous infection.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v14112470