Short Chain Fatty Acids and Fecal Microbiota Abundance in Humans with Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

There have been mixed results regarding the relationship among short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), microbiota, and obesity in human studies. We selected studies that provided data on SCFA levels or fecal microbiota abundance in obese and nonobese individuals and then combined the published estimates us...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2019-10, Vol.11 (10), p.2512
Main Authors: Kim, Kyu Nam, Yao, Yao, Ju, Sang Yhun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abundance
Bacteria - classification
colon
Epidemiology
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids - chemistry
Fecal microflora
feces
Feces - microbiology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Heterogeneity
Humans
Meta-analysis
Metabolites
microbiome
Microbiota
Obesity
Obesity - metabolism
Obesity - microbiology
Review
Systematic review
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Summary:There have been mixed results regarding the relationship among short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), microbiota, and obesity in human studies. We selected studies that provided data on SCFA levels or fecal microbiota abundance in obese and nonobese individuals and then combined the published estimates using a random-effects meta-analysis. Obese individuals had significantly higher fecal concentrations of acetate (SMD (standardized mean differences) = 0.87, 95% CI (confidence interva) = 0.24-1.50, ( -squared) = 88.5), propionate (SMD = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.35-1.36, = 82.3%), and butyrate (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.29-1.27, = 81.7%) than nonobese controls. The subgroup analyses showed no evidence of heterogeneity among obese individuals with a BMI >30 kg/m ( = 0.0%). At the phylum level, the abundance of fecal microbiota was reduced in obese compared to nonobese individuals, but the difference was not statistically significant (Bacteroidetes phylum, SMD = -0.36, 95% CI = -0.73-0.01; Firmicutes phylum, SMD = -0.10, 95% CI = -0.31-0.10). The currently available human case-control studies show that obesity is associated with high levels of SCFA but not gut microbiota richness at the phylum level. Additional well-designed studies with a considerable sample size are needed to clarify whether this association is causal, but it is also necessary to identify additional contributors to SCFA production, absorption, and excretion in humans.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu11102512