Recent Progress in Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors and Theranostic Nanomedicine for Bladder Cancer

• Published in: Biosensors (Basel) 2023-01, Vol.13 (1), p.106
• Main Authors: Song, Fan-Xin, Xu, Xiaojian, Ding, Hengze, Yu, Le, Huang, Haochen, Hao, Jinting, Wu, Chenghao, Liang, Rui, Zhang, Shaohua
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Biopsy; Biosensors; Bladder; Bladder cancer; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Chemotherapy; Contrast agents; Contrast media; Cytology; Diagnosis; drug delivery systems; Field effect transistors; Humans; Imaging techniques; Magnetic resonance imaging; Malignancy; Medical imaging; Nanomaterials; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Nanostructures - therapeutic use; Nanotechnology; Nanotechnology devices; Neoplasms - drug therapy; Photochemotherapy; Photodynamic therapy; Review; Semiconductor devices; Sensors; Solid tumors; Theranostic Nanomedicine - methods; therapy; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - diagnosis; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - therapy
• ISSN: 2079-6374; 2079-6374
• DOI: 10.3390/bios13010106

Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most expensive and common malignancies in the urinary system due to its high progression and recurrence rate. Although there are various methods, including cystoscopy, biopsy, and cytology, that have become the standard diagnosis methods for BCa, their intrinsic invasive and inaccurate properties need to be overcome. The novel urine cancer biomarkers are assisted by nanomaterials-based biosensors, such as field-effect transistors (FETs) with high sensitivity and specificity, which may provide solutions to these problems. In addition, nanomaterials can be applied for the advancement of next-generation optical imaging techniques and the contrast agents of conventional techniques; for example, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of BCa. Regarding BCa therapy, nanocarriers, including mucoadhesive nanoparticles and other polymeric nanoparticles, successfully overcome the disadvantages of conventional intravesical instillation and improve the efficacy and safety of intravesical chemotherapy for BCa. Aside from chemotherapy, nanomedicine-based novel therapies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and combination therapy, have afforded us new ways to provide BC therapy and hope, which can be translated into the clinic. In addition, nanomotors and the nanomaterials-based solid tumor disassociation strategy provide new ideas for future research. Here, the advances in BCa diagnosis and therapy mentioned above are reviewed in this paper.