Chemistry and Toxicology of Major Bioactive Substances in Inocybe Mushrooms

Mushroom poisoning has always been a threat to human health. There are a large number of reports about ingestion of poisonous mushrooms every year around the world. It attracts the attention of researchers, especially in the aspects of toxin composition, toxic mechanism and toxin application in pois...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-02, Vol.22 (4), p.2218
Main Authors: Patocka, Jiri, Wu, Ran, Nepovimova, Eugenie, Valis, Martin, Wu, Wenda, Kuca, Kamil
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biochemistry
Biocompatibility
Biological activity
Diarrhea
Drug dosages
Food contamination & poisoning
Fungi
Hazardous materials
Ingestion
Inocybe mushroom
Lectins
Muscarine
Mushroom poisoning
Mushrooms
Nervous system
Poisoning
psilocin
Psilocybin
Review
Substance abuse treatment
Toxicity
Toxicology
Toxins
Vomiting
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Summary:Mushroom poisoning has always been a threat to human health. There are a large number of reports about ingestion of poisonous mushrooms every year around the world. It attracts the attention of researchers, especially in the aspects of toxin composition, toxic mechanism and toxin application in poisonous mushroom. is a large genus of mushrooms and contains toxic substances including muscarine, psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, lectins and baeocystin. In order to prevent and remedy mushroom poisoning, it is significant to clarify the toxic effects and mechanisms of these bioactive substances. In this review article, we summarize the chemistry, most known toxic effects and mechanisms of major toxic substances in mushrooms, especially muscarine, psilocybin and psilocin. Their available toxicity data (different species, different administration routes) published formerly are also summarized. In addition, the treatment and medical application of these toxic substances in mushrooms are also discussed. We hope that this review will help understanding of the chemistry and toxicology of mushrooms as well as the potential clinical application of its bioactive substances to benefit human beings.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22042218