B Chromosomes in Wheat: Evolution, Functions and Breeding Potential

Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) have been documented in over 2000 species across the plant, animal, and fungal kingdoms, representing one of the most intriguing components of the genome that have consistently garnered significant attention in the past. These Bs form a distinct category of chromosom...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Agronomy (Basel) 2024-11, Vol.14 (11), p.2682
Main Authors: Islam, Md Mazharul, Deepo, Deen Mohammad, Siddique, Abu Bakar, Nasif, Saifullah Omar, Zonayet, Md, Hassan, Oliul, Ali, Md Arfan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural Science
B chromosome
Breeding
Cell cycle
Cell division
Chromosome deletion
Chromosome rearrangements
Chromosomes
evolution
Evolution & development
Evolutionary genetics
Genetics and Breeding
Genetik och förädling
Genomes
Genomics
Historical account
Hybridization
Jordbruksvetenskap
Plant breeding
Soil fertility
Sorghum
Supernumerary
Temperature
Wheat
Yeast
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Summary:Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) have been documented in over 2000 species across the plant, animal, and fungal kingdoms, representing one of the most intriguing components of the genome that have consistently garnered significant attention in the past. These Bs form a distinct category of chromosomes that are not deemed essential. While coexisting with the standard set of chromosomes in an organism, the copy numbers of Bs can vary among individuals within a population or even among cells within a single organism. Multiple processes, including chromosomal rearrangement, uneven segregation, chromatid non-disjunction, and deletion in specific regions, lead to the formation of the Bs from the A chromosome. These dispensable Bs possess their own genetic content and do not undergo recombination with A chromosomes. Although various roles of Bs in breeding have been explored in the literature, their specific role in wheat improvement remains unclear. The understanding of their origins, composition, and evolutionary history in wheat is still incomplete. Therefore, this review discusses the current knowledge of the genetic makeup of Bs, their functions, their relationship with A chromosomes, and the morphogenetic consequences in the context of wheat.
ISSN:2073-4395
2073-4395
DOI:10.3390/agronomy14112682