Liposomal drug delivery in an in vitro 3D bone marrow model for multiple myeloma

• Published in: International journal of nanomedicine 2018-01, Vol.13, p.8105-8118
• Main Authors: Braham, Maaike Vj, Deshantri, Anil K, Minnema, Monique C, Öner, F Cumhur, Schiffelers, Raymond M, Fens, Marcel Ham, Alblas, Jacqueline
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analysis; Anthracyclines; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic - administration & dosage; Antigens; Bone marrow; Bone Marrow - drug effects; Bone Marrow - pathology; Bortezomib; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Cell culture; Cell Proliferation; Chemotherapy; Doxorubicin - administration & dosage; drug delivery; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug resistance; drug sensitivity and resistance testing; Drug therapy; Drugs; Endothelium; Extracellular matrix; Health aspects; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Integrins; Lipids; liposomes; Liposomes - administration & dosage; Medical research; Models, Biological; Multiple myeloma; Multiple Myeloma - drug therapy; Multiple Myeloma - pathology; Nanoparticles; Original Research; Patients; Peptides; Polyethylene glycol; Pore size; Stem cells; Tumor Cells, Cultured; tumor microenvironment; Tumors
• ISSN: 1178-2013; 1176-9114; 1178-2013
• DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S184262

Liposomal drug delivery can improve the therapeutic index of treatments for multiple myeloma. However, an appropriate 3D model for the in vitro evaluation of liposomal drug delivery is lacking. In this study, we applied a previously developed 3D bone marrow (BM) myeloma model to examine liposomal drug therapy. Liposomes of different sizes (~75-200 nm) were tested in a 3D BM myeloma model, based on multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and myeloma cells cocultured in hydrogel. The behavior and efficacy of liposomal drug therapy was investigated, evaluating the feasibility of testing liposomal drug delivery in 3D in vitro. Intracellular uptake of untargeted and integrin α β (very late antigen-4) targeted liposomes was compared in myeloma and supporting cells, as well as the effectivity of free and liposome-encapsulated chemotherapy (bortezomib, doxorubicin). Either cocultured myeloma cell lines or primary CD138 myeloma cells received the treatments. Liposomes (~75-110 nm) passively diffused throughout the heterogeneously porous (~80-850 nm) 3D hydrogel model after insertion. Cellular uptake of liposomes was observed and was increased by targeting very late antigen-4. Liposomal bortezomib and doxorubicin showed increased cytotoxic effects toward myeloma cells compared with the free drugs, using either a cell line or primary myeloma cells. Cytotoxicity toward supporting BM cells was reduced using liposomes. The 3D model allows the study of liposome-encapsulated molecules on multiple myeloma and supporting BM cells, looking at cellular targeting, and general efficacy of the given therapy. The advantages of liposomal drug delivery were demonstrated in a primary myeloma model, enabling the study of patient-to-patient responses to potential drugs and treatment regimes.