Application of Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing to Investigate the Cytotoxic Effects of Andrographolide on U-87 MG Glioblastoma Cell Migration and Apoptosis

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-05, Vol.19 (10), p.2275
• Main Authors: Chiu, Sheng-Po, Batsaikhan, Buyandelger, Huang, Huei-Mei, Wang, Jia-Yi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: andrographolide; Apoptosis; Apoptosis - drug effects; Autophagy; Biosensing Techniques; Brain cancer; Cancer therapies; Cell adhesion & migration; Cell culture; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement - drug effects; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cell Survival - drug effects; Chemical compounds; Chemotherapy; Cytotoxicity; Diterpenes - pharmacology; ECIS; Electric cells; Electric Impedance; Electrodes; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - drug effects; Glioblastoma - drug therapy; Glioblastoma - pathology; glioblastoma multiforme; Humans; Impedance; Medical research; Medicine; Mortality; Natural products; Pharmacology; Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - genetics; Stem cells; suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; Substance abuse treatment; temozolomide; Temozolomide - pharmacology; Viability; Vorinostat - pharmacology; Wound healing
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s19102275

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. In recent studies, the efficacy of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) has been investigated for GBM. We explored the effects of two exploratory compounds, the histone deacetylase SAHA and the natural product andrographolide, on Uppsala 87 Malignant Glioma (U-87 MG) cell migration and viability in comparison with the clinically used therapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ). We used the electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) system to monitor the migration of U-87 MG cells after treatment with various concentrations of these compounds. Moreover, we used the Alamar blue assay and western blotting to observe the concentration-dependent changes in the viability and apoptosis of U-87 MG cells. Our results demonstrated that both SAHA and andrographolide (10-300 μM) significantly inhibited GBM cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner, and 10 μM SAHA and 56 μM andrographolide demonstrated remarkable inhibitory effects on U-87 MG migration. Western blotting indicated that compared with TMZ, both SAHA and andrographolide induced higher expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, such as caspase-3, BAX, and PARP in U-87 MG cells. Furthermore, all three drugs downregulated the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. In conclusion, SAHA and andrographolide showed exceptional results in inhibiting cell migration and motility. The ECIS wound healing assay is a powerful technique to identify and screen potential therapeutic agents that can inhibit cancer cell migration.