An Unlabeled Electrochemical Immunosensor Uses Poly(thionine) and Graphene Quantum Dot-Modified Activated Marigold Flower Carbon for Early Prostate Cancer Detection

The activated carbon from marigold flowers (MG) was used to make an unlabeled electrochemical immunosensor to determine prostate cancer. MG was synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis. MG had a large surface area, was highly conductive, and biocompatible. MG modified with graphene qu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biosensors (Basel) 2024-12, Vol.14 (12), p.589
Main Authors: Cotchim, Suparat, Kongkaew, Supatinee, Thavarungkul, Panote, Kanatharana, Proespichaya, Limbut, Warakorn
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activated carbon
Affinity
Ammonia
Analysis
Antibodies
Antigens
Biocompatibility
Biomarkers
Biosensing Techniques
Cancer
Carbon - chemistry
Crosslinked polymers
Diagnosis
Electrochemical Techniques
Electrochemistry
Electrodes
Electron transfer
Electron transport
Electrons
Flowers
Flowers - chemistry
Graphene
graphene quantum dots
Graphite
Graphite - chemistry
Humans
Immunoassay
Immunosensors
Male
marigold flowers
Marigolds
Microscopy
Morphology
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles
Parathyroid hormone
Phenothiazines - chemistry
poly(thionine)
Potassium
Prostate cancer
Prostate-Specific Antigen
Prostatic Neoplasms - diagnosis
Proteins
Pyrolysis
Quantum Dots
Viral antibodies
Voltammetry
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Summary:The activated carbon from marigold flowers (MG) was used to make an unlabeled electrochemical immunosensor to determine prostate cancer. MG was synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis. MG had a large surface area, was highly conductive, and biocompatible. MG modified with graphene quantum dots produced excellent electron transfer for grafting poly(thionine) (PTH). The amine group of PTH bonded with anti-prostate-specific antigen (Anti-PSA) via glutaraldehyde, forming a layer that improved electron transfer. The binding affinity of the immunosensor, presented as the dissociation constant (Kd), was calculated using the Langmuir isotherm model. The results showed that a lower Kd value indicated greater antibody affinity. The immunosensor exhibited two different linear ranges under optimized conditions: 0.0125 to 1.0 ng mL and 1.0 to 80.0 ng mL . The sensor could detect concentrations as low as 0.005 ng mL , and had a quantification limit of 0.017 ng mL . This immunosensor accurately quantified PSA levels of human serum, and the results were validated using enzyme-linked fluorescence assay (ELFA).
ISSN:2079-6374
2079-6374
DOI:10.3390/bios14120589