The role of P2X7 receptor in infectious inflammatory diseases and the influence of ectonucleotidases

The purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2X7) is ubiquitously expressed in almost all tissues and organs of the body with the highest distribution in the immune cells of monocyte-macrophage origin. Classically, P2X7 receptor is involved in apoptotic cell death, and it is well known t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedical journal 2014-07, Vol.37 (4), p.169-177
Main Authors: Morandini, Ana Carolina, Savio, Luiz Eduardo Baggio, Coutinho-Silva, Robson
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
5'-Nucleotidase - metabolism
Adenosine
Animals
Apoptosis
Apoptosis - physiology
Communicable Diseases - immunology
Communicable Diseases - metabolism
ectonucleotidases
Enzymes
Gene expression
Humans
infection
Infections
Inflammation
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - metabolism
Inflammatory diseases
Ligands
P2X7 receptor
Purinergic P2X Receptor Antagonists - metabolism
Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 - metabolism
Rodents
Signal Transduction - physiology
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Summary:The purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2X7) is ubiquitously expressed in almost all tissues and organs of the body with the highest distribution in the immune cells of monocyte-macrophage origin. Classically, P2X7 receptor is involved in apoptotic cell death, and it is well known that extracellular ATP ligation to this purinergic receptor serves as an important secondary stimulus, which is also considered as danger signal for the interleukin (IL)-1β cleavage and secretion from pro-inflammatory cells. More recently, however, there has been substantial evidence of additional roles for the P2X7 receptor, both in innate immune response and as an adaptive link, including T-cell activation in a chronic state of inflammation. Also, compelling evidences have revealed an important role for ectonucleotidases as ATP-consuming enzymes in the control and fine-tuning of P2X7 function by regulating the time, concentration, and availability of ATP during infection-driven inflammation. This review focuses on the current evidences for P2X7 receptor involvement in the initial stages of inflammation, as well as for its role in acute and chronic stages of infection. Here, we also highlight the role of ectonucleotidase family in the control of P2X7 function, including the initial and resolution phases of inflammation.
ISSN:2319-4170
2320-2890
DOI:10.4103/2319-4170.127803