Agronomic traits in common bean are influenced by infestation and coexistence with volunteer maize

• Published in: Pesquisa agropecuária tropical 2020-01, Vol.50, p.e59098
• Main Authors: Aguiar, Adalin Cezar Moraes de, Silva, Diecson Ruy Orsolin da, Basso, Claudir José, Novello, Bruna Dal’Pizol, Silva, Álvaro André Alba da
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY; AGRONOMY; phaseolus vulgaris; volunteer plants; weeds; zea mays
• ISSN: 1517-6398; 1983-4063; 1983-4063
• DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632020v5059098

ABSTRACT Maize seeds lost during harvest may emerge and establish themselves during the cultivation of common bean, becoming a problematic weed in succession crops. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the infestation level and interference period of volunteer maize on agronomic traits of common bean. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with four replications, in a 2 x 8 factorial scheme consisting of two maize infestation levels (4 plants m-2 and 12 plants m-2) combined with eight coexistence periods between crop and weed (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 88 days after the emergence of the common bean). Variables related to the common bean vegetative growth (plant height, stem diameter, number of side branches and shoot dry matter) and to its grain production (number of pods per plant, grain yield and weight of 1,000 grains), as well as the period prior to interference, were assessed. The increase of the coexistence period and volunteer maize infestation level negatively affected the common bean growth and grain yield. The densities with 4 plants m-2 and 12 plants m-2 of volunteer maize reduced the common bean grain yield by 60 % and 84 %, respectively; while the periods prior to interference between crop and weed, for the respective infestation levels, were 15 and 8 days after the common bean emergence. In addition, the volunteer maize reduces the period prior to interference to very low values, indicating the need to anticipate the control of this weed. RESUMO Sementes de milho perdidas durante a colheita podem emergir e se estabelecer durante o cultivo do feijão-comum, tornando-se planta invasora problemática em cultivos de sucessão. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do nível de infestação e do período de interferência de milho voluntário sobre caracteres agronômicos de feijoeiro. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 x 8, sendo dois níveis de infestação do milho (4 plantas m-2 e 12 plantas m-2) combinados com oito períodos de convivência entre cultura e planta invasora (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 e 88 dias após a emergência do feijoeiro). Variáveis relacionadas ao crescimento vegetativo do feijoeiro (altura de planta, diâmetro de caule, número de ramos laterais e massa seca da parte aérea) e à sua produção de grãos (número de vagens por planta, produtividade e massa de mil grãos), além do período prévio à interferência, foram avaliadas. O aumento do período de convivência