Salt-Intake-Related Behavior Varies between Sexes and Is Strongly Associated with Daily Salt Consumption in Obese Patients at High Risk for MASLD

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) imposes a significant burden on Westernized regions. The Western diet, high in salt intake, significantly contributes to disease development. However, there are a lack of data on salt literacy and salt intake among MASLD patients in Ge...

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Published in:Nutrients 2023-09, Vol.15 (18), p.3942
Main Authors: Heller, Bianca, Reiter, Florian P, Leicht, Hans Benno, Fiessler, Cornelia, Bergheim, Ina, Heuschmann, Peter U, Geier, Andreas, Rau, Monika
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chronic illnesses
Development and progression
Diet
Fatty Liver
Female
Food products
Gastrointestinal surgery
Humans
Hypertension
Hypotheses
Literacy
Liver diseases
Male
MASLD
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Metabolic Diseases
Metabolism
Nutrition research
Obesity
Patients
Questionnaires
Salt
salt consumption
salt-intake-related behavior
Sexual Behavior
Sodium
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Chloride, Dietary - adverse effects
steatotic liver disease
Surveys
Type 2 diabetes
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Summary:Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) imposes a significant burden on Westernized regions. The Western diet, high in salt intake, significantly contributes to disease development. However, there are a lack of data on salt literacy and salt intake among MASLD patients in Germany. Our study aims to analyze daily salt intake and salt-intake-related behavior in MASLD patients. 234 MASLD patients were prospectively included. Daily salt intake and salt-intake-related behavior were assessed via a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ-DEGS) and a salt questionnaire (SINU). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Mean daily salt intake was higher in men than in women (7.3 ± 5 g/d vs. 5.3 ± 4 g/d; < 0.001). There was significant agreement between increased daily salt intake (>6 g/d) and the behavioral salt index (SI) ( < 0.001). Men exhibited higher SI scores compared to women, indicating lower awareness of salt in everyday life. Multivariate analysis identified specific salt-intake-related behaviors impacting daily salt consumption. Our study reveals a strong link between daily salt intake and salt-intake-related behavior, highlighting sex-specific differences in an MASLD cohort. To enhance patient care in high-cardiovascular-risk populations, specific behavioral approaches may be considered, including salt awareness, to improve adherence to lifestyle changes, particularly in male patients.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu15183942