Co-Occurrence of Marine Extremes Induced by Tropical Storms and an Ocean Eddy in Summer 2016: Anomalous Hydrographic Conditions in the Pacific Shelf Waters off Southeast Hokkaido, Japan

This study proposes an analysis methodology to address how very rare marine extremes can be understood using limited data. In summer 2016, extreme weather and marine events occurred simultaneously around the Pacific shelf off southeastern Hokkaido, Japan. Six successive tropical storms brought extre...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Atmosphere 2021-07, Vol.12 (7), p.888
Main Authors: Kuroda, Hiroshi, Taniuchi, Yukiko, Kasai, Hiromi, Nakanowatari, Takuya, Setou, Takashi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
anticyclonic mesoscale eddy
boundary current
Boundary currents
Climate change
Climate models
coastal shelf water
Coasts
compound extreme event
Extreme weather
Heat waves
Heatwaves
Heavy rainfall
Mesoscale phenomena
Ocean circulation
Ocean models
ocean monitoring
Oceanographic conditions
Oceans
Precipitation
Rain
Rainfall
Salinity
Salinity effects
Sea surface
Storms
Summer
Surveys
Tracking
Tropical climate
Tropical depressions
tropical storm
Tropical storms
Velocity
Vortices
Water
Water depth
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Summary:This study proposes an analysis methodology to address how very rare marine extremes can be understood using limited data. In summer 2016, extreme weather and marine events occurred simultaneously around the Pacific shelf off southeastern Hokkaido, Japan. Six successive tropical storms brought extreme precipitation and an anticyclonic mesoscale eddy of subtropical Kuroshio water closely approached the coast, locally causing marine heat waves. We examined how these compound extremes affected oceanographic conditions on the coastal shelf by analyzing data from ship surveys in October 2016 on the Pacific shelf and outputs from a realistic ocean model. Climatologically, warm, high-salinity (33.0–33.7) subtropical water from the Okhotsk Sea (modified Soya Warm Current water) is distributed near the sea surface on the Pacific shelf in October and transported by the along-shelf boundary current. In 2016, however, a vertically well-mixed low-salinity (
ISSN:2073-4433
2073-4433
DOI:10.3390/atmos12070888