Pyrethroid-resistant malaria vector Anopheles gambiae restored susceptibility after pre-exposure to piperonyl-butoxide: results from country-wide insecticide resistance monitoring in Tanzania, 2023

Effective vector control interventions, notably insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are indispensable for malaria control in Tanzania and elsewhere. However, the emergence of widespread insecticide resistance threatens the efficacy of these interventions. Monitoring of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Malaria journal 2024-12, Vol.23 (1), p.395-16, Article 395
Main Authors: Kabula, Bilali, Mlacha, Yeromin P, Serbantez, Naomi, Nhiga, Samwel L, Mkude, Sigsbert, Kiware, Samson, Michael, James S, Mero, Victor, Ballard, Sarah-Blythe, Chan, Adeline, Abbasi, Said, Mwalimu, Charles D, Govella, Nicodem J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
An. gambiae
Analysis
Animals
Anopheles
Anopheles - drug effects
Epidemiology
Female
Insecticide Resistance
Insecticides - pharmacology
Kdr
Malaria
Malaria - prevention & control
Mosquito Control - methods
Mosquito Vectors - drug effects
PBO
Piperonyl Butoxide - pharmacology
Prevention
Pyrethrins - pharmacology
Risk factors
Susceptibility
Tanzania
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Summary:Effective vector control interventions, notably insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are indispensable for malaria control in Tanzania and elsewhere. However, the emergence of widespread insecticide resistance threatens the efficacy of these interventions. Monitoring of insecticide resistance is, therefore, critical for the selection and assessment of the programmatic impact of insecticide-based interventions. The study was conducted country-wide across 22 sentinel districts of Tanzania between May and July 2023 using standard World Health Organization susceptibility test with 1×, 5×, and 10× of deltamethrin, permethrin, and alpha-cypermethrin and discriminating concentrations of 0.25% pirimiphos-methyl. Synergist assays were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms of the observed phenotypic pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. Three- to five-day-old wild adult females in the first filiar generation of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) were used for the susceptibility bioassays. Anopheles gambiae s.l. were resistant to all pyrethroids at the discriminating dose in most sentinel districts except in Rorya, which remains fully susceptible, and Ushetu, which remains susceptible to deltamethrin but not permethrin. In 5 sites (Bukombe, Ukerewe, Kilwa, Kibondo, and Kakonko), the An. gambiae s.l. species exhibited strong resistance to pyrethroids surviving the 10 X concentrations (mortality rate 
ISSN:1475-2875
1475-2875
DOI:10.1186/s12936-024-05211-7