The nature of 'jaws': a new predatory representative of Provora and the ultrastructure of nibbling protists

The recently discovered Provora supergroup has primarily been examined to determine their phylogenomic position in the eukaryotic tree. Their morphology is more poorly studied, and here we focus on their cellular organization and how it compares with that of other supergroups. These small eukaryovor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Open biology 2024-12, Vol.14 (12), p.240158
Main Authors: Belyaev, Artem O, Karpov, Sergey A, Keeling, Patrick J, Tikhonenkov, Denis V
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
18S rRNA phylogeny
cytoskeleton
Eukaryota - genetics
Eukaryota - ultrastructure
evolution of eukaryotes
Flagella - ultrastructure
microtubular roots
Nibbleridia
Organelles - ultrastructure
Phylogeny
Stramenopiles - genetics
Stramenopiles - ultrastructure
ultrastructure
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Summary:The recently discovered Provora supergroup has primarily been examined to determine their phylogenomic position in the eukaryotic tree. Their morphology is more poorly studied, and here we focus on their cellular organization and how it compares with that of other supergroups. These small eukaryovorous flagellates exhibit several ultrastructural features that are also found in a subset of taxa from a wide variety of deep-branching lineages (Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Hemimastigophora, Malawimonadidae, Discoba and Metamonada), including vesicles beneath the plasmalemma, two opposing vanes on the flagella, a ventral feeding groove and a fibrillar system resembling the excavate type. Additionally, we identified four main microtubular roots (r1-r4) and a singlet root between r1 and r2, which support the strong feeding apparatus resembling 'jaws'. Their unique extrusive organelles (ampulosomes) have a similar organization to Hemimastigophora extrusomes, but most of their cell characteristics most closely resemble features of the TSAR + Haptista grouping. We also describe a new species, sp. nov., and highlight features of its feeding behaviour, which can be so aggressive as to result in cannibalism.
ISSN:2046-2441
2046-2441
DOI:10.1098/rsob.240158