Role of HTLV-1 orf-I encoded proteins in viral transmission and persistence

The human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTVL-1), first reported in 1980 by Robert Gallo's group, is the etiologic agent of both cancer and inflammatory diseases. Despite approximately 40 years of investigation, the prognosis for afflicted patients remains poor with no effective treatments. The...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Retrovirology 2019-12, Vol.16 (1), p.43-43, Article 43
Main Authors: Sarkis, Sarkis, Galli, Veronica, Moles, Ramona, Yurick, David, Khoury, Georges, Purcell, Damian F J, Franchini, Genoveffa, Pise-Masison, Cynthia A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Amino acids
Anopheles
Backup software
CD4 antigen
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology
Cell growth
Cell interactions
Cell Proliferation
Cloning
Cytokines
Endoplasmic reticulum
Genes
HTLV-1
HTLV-I Infections - immunology
HTLV-I Infections - transmission
HTLV-I Infections - virology
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 - genetics
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 - immunology
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 - pathogenicity
Humans
Immune Evasion
Immune response
Immunology
Infections
Inflammatory diseases
Intracellular signalling
Kinases
Leukemia
Lymphocytes T
Lymphoma
Mutation
orf-I
p12/p8
Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic - immunology
Phosphorylation
Prognosis
Proteins
Review
rex-orf-I
Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1 - genetics
Spasticity
STLV-1
T cells
Viral Load
Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins - genetics
Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins - immunology
Viruses
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Description
Summary:The human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTVL-1), first reported in 1980 by Robert Gallo's group, is the etiologic agent of both cancer and inflammatory diseases. Despite approximately 40 years of investigation, the prognosis for afflicted patients remains poor with no effective treatments. The virus persists in the infected host by evading the host immune response and inducing proliferation of infected CD4 T-cells. Here, we will review the role that viral orf-I protein products play in altering intracellular signaling, protein expression and cell-cell communication in order to escape immune recognition and promote T-cell proliferation. We will also review studies of orf-I mutations found in infected patients and their potential impact on viral load, transmission and persistence. Finally, we will compare the orf-I gene in HTLV-1 subtypes as well as related STLV-1.
ISSN:1742-4690
1742-4690
DOI:10.1186/s12977-019-0502-1