Revisiting the HPLC-FLD Method to Quantify Paralytic Shellfish Toxins: C3,4 Quantification and the First Steps towards Validation

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are a large group of biotoxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning. Their appearance in natural waters and their ingestion by aquatic species have a huge socio-economic impact, whereby their monitoring is of the upmost relevance to minimize the consequences. Fo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2022-02, Vol.14 (3), p.179
Main Authors: Leal, Joana F, Cristiano, Maria L S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
C3,4
Calibration
Chromatography
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Communication
Economic impact
Fluorescence
High performance liquid chromatography
Humans
Impact analysis
Ingestion
Laboratories
Limit of Detection
Liquid chromatography
Marine Toxins - analysis
Methods
Microorganisms
monitoring
Natural waters
Paralytic shellfish poisoning
quantification
Saxitoxin - analysis
saxitoxins
Shellfish
Shellfish - analysis
Shellfish Poisoning - etiology
Social impact
Standard deviation
Toxicity
Toxins
validation
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Summary:Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are a large group of biotoxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning. Their appearance in natural waters and their ingestion by aquatic species have a huge socio-economic impact, whereby their monitoring is of the upmost relevance to minimize the consequences. For earlier detection and faster response/action by stakeholders, validation of adjusted analytical methods, particularly for lower concentration levels, is important. This work proposes a derived High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method, with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The main differences from the official method are the size of the HPLC column and the gradient elution conditions. It covers the current eleven certified reference materials (CRM) available on the market, including the most recent-C3,4. This first calibration report for C3,4 suggests limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 6 nM and 19 nM (~5 µg STX.2HCl eqv./kg and 17 µg STX.2HCl eqv./kg), respectively. For the remaining CRM, LODs ranged between 3 and 28 nM (~0.9 and 127 µg STX.2HCl eqv./kg), while LOQs varied between 11 and 94 nM (~3 and 409 µg STX.2HCl eqv./kg, considering toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) reported by EFSA).
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins14030179