Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Greater Cairo water supply systems

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a constant threat to the environment and public health. There are numerous activities in the Greater Cairo area that emit and release significant amounts of PAHs. Concentrations of these PAHs are released into the air and mixed with surface water, limitin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of water and health 2022-04, Vol.20 (4), p.680-691
Main Authors: Fouad, Mahmoud M, El-Gendy, Ahmed S, Khalil, Mostafa M H, Razek, Taha M A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anthracene
Aromatic compounds
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Calibration
Coal
conventional treatment and pahs
Drinking water
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Fluorene
Naphthalene
pahs in cairo water
pahs in drinking water
Pesticides
Phenanthrene
Pollutants
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis
Public health
pyrene
Raw water
Removal
Rivers
Runoff
Sediments
Surface water
Tributaries
Water conveyance
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Supply
Water supply systems
Water treatment
Water treatment plants
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Summary:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a constant threat to the environment and public health. There are numerous activities in the Greater Cairo area that emit and release significant amounts of PAHs. Concentrations of these PAHs are released into the air and mixed with surface water, limiting its use. In this study, 17 PAH compounds are mapped at eight sites along the Nile River and its tributaries in Greater Cairo. In addition, their removal efficiency is evaluated with the conventional treatment in eight water treatment plants. PAHs were analyzed using GC-MS from January to December 2018. Naphthalene, anthracene, fluorene, pyrene, and phenanthrene were detected. The total amount of PAHs in raw water was highest in Shamal Helwan (1,325 ± 631 ng/l) and lowest in Mostorod (468 ± 329 ng/l), and the removal ranged from 25 to 31%. Further research is needed to integrate other techniques to reduce PAHs using the conventional treatment, and more efforts should be made to reduce the presence and release of PAHs in raw water.
ISSN:1477-8920
1996-7829
DOI:10.2166/wh.2022.312