Optimization of Nutrition after Brain Injury: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Considerations

Emerging science continues to establish the detrimental effects of malnutrition in acute neurological diseases such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, status epilepticus and anoxic brain injury. The primary pathological pathways responsible for secondary brain injury include neuroinflammation, catab...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedicines 2023-09, Vol.11 (9), p.2551
Main Authors: Poblete, Roy A., Yaceczko, Shelby, Aliakbar, Raya, Saini, Pravesh, Hazany, Saman, Breit, Hannah, Louie, Stan G., Lyden, Patrick D., Partikian, Arthur
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
anoxic brain injury
Brain
Brain research
Clinical medicine
Clinical trials
Complications and side effects
Disease
Epilepsy
Homeostasis
Hospital costs
Hospitalization
Illnesses
Immunodeficiency
Inflammation
Injuries
Ischemia
Malnutrition
Metabolism
Morbidity
Mortality
neuroinflammation
Neurological diseases
Nosocomial infections
Nutrition
Nutritional status
Optimization
Oxidative stress
Parenteral nutrition
Pathophysiology
Patients
Pediatrics
Prevention
Review
Socioeconomic factors
status epilepticus
Stroke
Traumatic brain injury
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Summary:Emerging science continues to establish the detrimental effects of malnutrition in acute neurological diseases such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, status epilepticus and anoxic brain injury. The primary pathological pathways responsible for secondary brain injury include neuroinflammation, catabolism, immune suppression and metabolic failure, and these are exacerbated by malnutrition. Given this, there is growing interest in novel nutritional interventions to promote neurological recovery after acute brain injury. In this review, we will describe how malnutrition impacts the biomolecular mechanisms of secondary brain injury in acute neurological disorders, and how nutritional status can be optimized in both pediatric and adult populations. We will further highlight emerging therapeutic approaches, including specialized diets that aim to resolve neuroinflammation, immunodeficiency and metabolic crisis, by providing pre-clinical and clinical evidence that their use promotes neurologic recovery. Using nutrition as a targeted treatment is appealing for several reasons that will be discussed. Given the high mortality and both short- and long-term morbidity associated with acute brain injuries, novel translational and clinical approaches are needed.
ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines11092551