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Factor Structure, Construct Validity, and Measurement Invariance of the Neuroception of Psychological Safety Scale (NPSS)
Psychological safety has recently emerged as a central construct, strictly implicated in mental health and emotional well-being. The Neuroception of Psychological Safety Scale (NPSS) is the first scale designed to assess feelings of psychological safety from a multidimensional perspective. However,...
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Published in: | European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education psychology and education, 2024-10, Vol.14 (10), p.2702-2715 |
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description | Psychological safety has recently emerged as a central construct, strictly implicated in mental health and emotional well-being. The Neuroception of Psychological Safety Scale (NPSS) is the first scale designed to assess feelings of psychological safety from a multidimensional perspective. However, the robustness of its factorial structure requires further examination in large community samples, and evidence of construct validity along with measurement invariance across genders is scarce. The present study aimed to address these gaps through a comprehensive cross-validation approach. A community sample of 660 Italian adults, aged 18-65, completed self-report questionnaires including the NPSS, the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scale (CEAS), the Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others (SOCS), and the Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ). A three-factor model, i.e.,
,
, and
, demonstrated a good fit to the data in two random subsamples. Moreover, the measurement model was factorially invariant across genders. Model-based omega coefficients supported the internal consistency of the NPSS scores (ω ranged between 0.879 and 0.918). Zero-order correlations between NPSS subscales and CEAS, SOCS, and BPQ provided construct validity evidence. Additionally, inter-correlations between latent factors and Harman's single-factor test supported the discriminant validity of the NPSS dimensions. Overall, this study provided compelling evidence regarding the psychometric properties of the NPSS, demonstrating for the first time the invariance of its factorial structure across gender. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ejihpe14100178 |
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,
, and
, demonstrated a good fit to the data in two random subsamples. Moreover, the measurement model was factorially invariant across genders. Model-based omega coefficients supported the internal consistency of the NPSS scores (ω ranged between 0.879 and 0.918). Zero-order correlations between NPSS subscales and CEAS, SOCS, and BPQ provided construct validity evidence. Additionally, inter-correlations between latent factors and Harman's single-factor test supported the discriminant validity of the NPSS dimensions. Overall, this study provided compelling evidence regarding the psychometric properties of the NPSS, demonstrating for the first time the invariance of its factorial structure across gender.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2254-9625</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2174-8144</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2254-9625</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14100178</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39452173</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Altruism ; Anatomy ; Compassion ; Construct Validity ; Correlation ; cross ; cross-cultural adaptation ; cultural adaptation ; Cultural Context ; Discriminant analysis ; Emotional Response ; Empathy ; Factor Analysis ; Factor Structure ; Feedback (Response) ; Females ; Gender differences ; Interpersonal Relationship ; measurement invariance ; Mental health ; neuroception ; Perceptions ; Personal relationships ; Physiology ; polyvagal theory ; Psychological Evaluation ; Psychological Patterns ; Psychological safety ; psychometric properties ; Questionnaires ; Sample Size ; Security (Psychology) ; Social Behavior ; Social Environment ; Trauma ; Validation studies ; Validity ; Well Being</subject><ispartof>European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education, 2024-10, Vol.14 (10), p.2702-2715</ispartof><rights>2024 by the authors. Published by MDPI on behalf of the University Association of Education and Psychology. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. 2024</rights><rights>LICENCIA DE USO: Los documentos a texto completo incluidos en Dialnet son de acceso libre y propiedad de sus autores y/o editores. Por tanto, cualquier acto de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública y/o transformación total o parcial requiere el consentimiento expreso y escrito de aquéllos. Cualquier enlace al texto completo de estos documentos deberá hacerse a través de la URL oficial de éstos en Dialnet. Más información: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI | INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS STATEMENT: Full text documents hosted by Dialnet are protected by copyright and/or related rights. This digital object is accessible without charge, but its use is subject to the licensing conditions set by its authors or editors. Unless expressly stated otherwise in the licensing conditions, you are free to linking, browsing, printing and making a copy for your own personal purposes. All other acts of reproduction and communication to the public are subject to the licensing conditions expressed by editors and authors and require consent from them. Any link to this document should be made using its official URL in Dialnet. 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The Neuroception of Psychological Safety Scale (NPSS) is the first scale designed to assess feelings of psychological safety from a multidimensional perspective. However, the robustness of its factorial structure requires further examination in large community samples, and evidence of construct validity along with measurement invariance across genders is scarce. The present study aimed to address these gaps through a comprehensive cross-validation approach. A community sample of 660 Italian adults, aged 18-65, completed self-report questionnaires including the NPSS, the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scale (CEAS), the Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others (SOCS), and the Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ). A three-factor model, i.e.,
,
, and
, demonstrated a good fit to the data in two random subsamples. Moreover, the measurement model was factorially invariant across genders. Model-based omega coefficients supported the internal consistency of the NPSS scores (ω ranged between 0.879 and 0.918). Zero-order correlations between NPSS subscales and CEAS, SOCS, and BPQ provided construct validity evidence. Additionally, inter-correlations between latent factors and Harman's single-factor test supported the discriminant validity of the NPSS dimensions. 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Zagaria, Andrea ; Pecchinenda, Anna ; Grano, Caterina</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-ae893259dc4890af2be7659be76569e515f945ed6695d00382621634620070f63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Altruism</topic><topic>Anatomy</topic><topic>Compassion</topic><topic>Construct Validity</topic><topic>Correlation</topic><topic>cross</topic><topic>cross-cultural adaptation</topic><topic>cultural adaptation</topic><topic>Cultural Context</topic><topic>Discriminant analysis</topic><topic>Emotional Response</topic><topic>Empathy</topic><topic>Factor Analysis</topic><topic>Factor Structure</topic><topic>Feedback (Response)</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Gender differences</topic><topic>Interpersonal Relationship</topic><topic>measurement invariance</topic><topic>Mental health</topic><topic>neuroception</topic><topic>Perceptions</topic><topic>Personal relationships</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>polyvagal theory</topic><topic>Psychological Evaluation</topic><topic>Psychological Patterns</topic><topic>Psychological safety</topic><topic>psychometric properties</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Sample Size</topic><topic>Security (Psychology)</topic><topic>Social Behavior</topic><topic>Social Environment</topic><topic>Trauma</topic><topic>Validation studies</topic><topic>Validity</topic><topic>Well Being</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Spinoni, Marta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zagaria, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pecchinenda, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grano, Caterina</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Psychology Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Education</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Dialnet (Open Access Full Text)</collection><collection>Dialnet</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Spinoni, Marta</au><au>Zagaria, Andrea</au><au>Pecchinenda, Anna</au><au>Grano, Caterina</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Factor Structure, Construct Validity, and Measurement Invariance of the Neuroception of Psychological Safety Scale (NPSS)</atitle><jtitle>European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education</jtitle><addtitle>Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ</addtitle><date>2024-10-04</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>2702</spage><epage>2715</epage><pages>2702-2715</pages><issn>2254-9625</issn><issn>2174-8144</issn><eissn>2254-9625</eissn><abstract>Psychological safety has recently emerged as a central construct, strictly implicated in mental health and emotional well-being. The Neuroception of Psychological Safety Scale (NPSS) is the first scale designed to assess feelings of psychological safety from a multidimensional perspective. However, the robustness of its factorial structure requires further examination in large community samples, and evidence of construct validity along with measurement invariance across genders is scarce. The present study aimed to address these gaps through a comprehensive cross-validation approach. A community sample of 660 Italian adults, aged 18-65, completed self-report questionnaires including the NPSS, the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scale (CEAS), the Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others (SOCS), and the Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ). A three-factor model, i.e.,
,
, and
, demonstrated a good fit to the data in two random subsamples. Moreover, the measurement model was factorially invariant across genders. Model-based omega coefficients supported the internal consistency of the NPSS scores (ω ranged between 0.879 and 0.918). Zero-order correlations between NPSS subscales and CEAS, SOCS, and BPQ provided construct validity evidence. Additionally, inter-correlations between latent factors and Harman's single-factor test supported the discriminant validity of the NPSS dimensions. Overall, this study provided compelling evidence regarding the psychometric properties of the NPSS, demonstrating for the first time the invariance of its factorial structure across gender.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>39452173</pmid><doi>10.3390/ejihpe14100178</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9139-5295</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1899-0773</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3930-7371</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Altruism Anatomy Compassion Construct Validity Correlation cross cross-cultural adaptation cultural adaptation Cultural Context Discriminant analysis Emotional Response Empathy Factor Analysis Factor Structure Feedback (Response) Females Gender differences Interpersonal Relationship measurement invariance Mental health neuroception Perceptions Personal relationships Physiology polyvagal theory Psychological Evaluation Psychological Patterns Psychological safety psychometric properties Questionnaires Sample Size Security (Psychology) Social Behavior Social Environment Trauma Validation studies Validity Well Being |
title | Factor Structure, Construct Validity, and Measurement Invariance of the Neuroception of Psychological Safety Scale (NPSS) |
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