Antimicrobial, Antigenotoxicity, and Characterization of Calotropis procera and Its Rhizosphere-Inhabiting Actinobacteria: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-05, Vol.27 (10), p.3123
• Main Authors: Saddiq, Amna A, Tag, Hend M, Doleib, Nada M, Salman, Asmaa S, Hagagy, Nashwa
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abnormalities; Acetic acid; actinobacteria; Actinobacteria - genetics; Agar; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry; Antibiotics; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; Bacteria; Biological activity; Calotropis - chemistry; Calotropis procera; Carbon sources; Casein; chromosomal aberration; Chromosome aberrations; Cyclophosphamide; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA fragmentation; E coli; Fragmentation; Gas chromatography; Genotoxicity; Glycerol; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; Herbal medicine; In vivo methods and tests; Inhibitors; Klebsiella; Linolenic acid; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Medicinal plants; Mice; Microorganisms; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Palmitic acid; Pathogens; Phytochemicals; Phytol; Plant extracts; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Retention; Rhizosphere; Rhizosphere microorganisms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; rRNA 16S; Soil microorganisms; Somatic cells; Staphylococcus aureus; Strains (organisms); Streptomyces - genetics; Toxicity
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103123

( ) is a wild shrub that is a medicinal plant found in abundance throughout Saudi Arabia. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical composition and antigenotoxic properties of the ethanolic extract of , in addition to the antimicrobial activity of the plant and its rhizospheric actinobacteria effects against pathogenic microorganisms. Soil-extract medium supplemented with glycerol as a carbon source and starch-casein agar medium was used for isolation of actinobacteria from rhizosphere. From the plant, a total of 31 compounds were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main components were α-amyrin (39.36%), lupeol acetate (17.94%), phytol (13.32%), hexadecanoic acid (5.55%), stigmasterol (3.16%), linolenic acid (3.04%), and gombasterol A (2.14%). plant extract's antimicrobial activity was investigated using an agar well-diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against six pathogenic microbial strains. The plant extract of was considered significantly active against , , and , with inhibition zones of 18.66 mm, 21.26 mm, and 21.93 mm, respectively. The plant extract was considered to be a moderate inhibitor against , with MIC ranging from 0.60-1.50 mg/mL. On the other hand, the isolated actinobacteria were considered to be a moderate inhibitor against (MIC of 86 µg/mL), and a potent inhibitor, strain CALT_2, against (MIC of 35 µg/mL). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the potential strains belonged to the genus The effect of extract against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced genotoxicity was examined by evaluating chromosome abnormalities in mouse somatic cells and DNA fragmentation assays. The current study revealed that oral pretreatment of (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w.) for 1, 7, and 14 days to cyclophosphamide-treated animals significantly reduced chromosomal abnormalities as well as DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, extract had antimicrobial and antigenotoxic effects against CP-induced genotoxicity.