Manure Application Timing and Incorporation Effects on Ammonia and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Corn

Manure application influences ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas emissions; however, few studies have quantified the effects of manure application methods and timing on NH3, nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) fluxes simultaneously. We evaluated surface-applied liquid manure a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Agriculture (Basel) 2022-11, Vol.12 (11), p.1952
Main Authors: Sherman, Jessica, Young, Eric, Jokela, William, Kieke, Burney
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air pollution
Ammonia
Carbon dioxide
Corn
Emissions
Fluxes
Galvanized steel
Gases
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases
Injection
Liquid manure
Manures
Methane
Moisture effects
Nitrous oxide
nutrient management
soil and manure management
Soil moisture
soil science
Soil temperature
Zea mays
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Summary:Manure application influences ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas emissions; however, few studies have quantified the effects of manure application methods and timing on NH3, nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) fluxes simultaneously. We evaluated surface-applied liquid manure application with disk incorporation versus injection on NH3, N2O, CO2, and CH4 fluxes in central Wisconsin corn silage (Zea mays L.) plots during pre-plant (PP) and sidedress (SD) application windows from 2009 to 2011. Manure treatments were PP injection (PP-Inject) and injection at sidedress time (SD-Inject) to growing corn, along with two incorporation times for PP surface application (within 24 h—PP-1-hr; within 3 days—PP-3-day). Mean NH3 emissions were 95% lower for injected treatments compared to surface application in both years, with larger losses for PP-3-day and SD-Surf. While N2O fluxes were generally low, larger increases after manure application were associated with injection and triggered by soil moisture/temperature changes. Mean CO2 and CH4 were unaffected by manure treatments and influenced more by weather. Overall, injection conserved more available soil N while contributing to modest N2O emission, suggesting manure injection may offer greater agri-environmental benefits on the whole over surface application.
ISSN:2077-0472
2077-0472
DOI:10.3390/agriculture12111952