Evaluation of apple pomace based reconstituted feed in rats after solid state fermentation and ethanol recovery

• Published in: Brazilian archives of biology and technology 2004-03, Vol.47 (1), p.93-106
• Main Authors: Devrajan, A.(University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan Department of Post harvest Technolog), Joshi, Vinod K.(University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan Department of Post harvest Technolog), Gupta, Kuldeep(University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry), Sheikher, Chander(University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan Department of Entomology and Apiculture), Lal, Brij B.(University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan Department of Post harvest Technolog)
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Apple pomace; ethanol; rat feed; solid state fermentation
• ISSN: 1516-8913; 1516-8913; 1678-4324
• DOI: 10.1590/S1516-89132004000100013

To utilize apple pomace in an economical and effective way, a feed was developed by solid state fermentation (SSF) using sequential interactive co-culture of Candida utilis and Kloeckera. Removal of ethanol and drying of the left - over residue. Feeding trial was conducted in white albino rats before and after reconstitution of apple pomace feed in the choice and no choice study. Feeding of apple pomace feed in the rats before reconstitution indicated that neither in fermented nor in unfermented form it was acceptable. In the no choice study both in 100% fermented and unfermented apple pomace group feed intake decreased continuously resulting in death of rats apparently due to decreased digestibility owing to high fibre content. Further, fermented or unfermented apple pomace based feed had lower digestibility and efficiency of conversion than the standard rat feed. Compared to the standard feed group, growth rates in all the feed groups were negative. The results of choice study of different feeds corroborated with the no-choice study mentioned earlier. Incorporation of fermented apple pomace into standard rat feed in the ratio of 1:1 gave better acceptability and digestibility. Reconstituted feed with 10% jaggery, 2% groundnut oil, 0.01% mixed flavour and 1% salt was the most acceptable. The post-mortem examination of the rats that died during the feeding trial revealed generalized oedema, probably due to some hepatotoxin in the feed. The blood glucose level in the apple pomace feed group except that was reconstituted with jaggery, showed a general hypoglycemia, though falling in the range. The increased ALT and AST levels in the serum also suggest damage to the liver. The mortality rate, post-mortem examination of the rats that died during the feeding trial and blood biochemical analysis of rat serum suggest a more elaborative study for extended period of time. Para utilizar bagaço de maçã de uma maneira econômica e eficaz, foi desenvolvido um processo por fermentação no estado sólido (SSF) que utiliza uma co-cultura interativa seqüencial de Cândida utilis e Kloechera. Remoção do etanol foi realizado através da secagem do bagaço de maçã. Os testes com o bagaço de maçã fermentado ou não foram feitos em ratos brancos em um experimento delineado. Os resultados mostraram que o bagaço de maçã fermentado ou não se mostraram aceitáveis sendo que os mesmos apresentaram uma digestibilidade inferior a ração comum. Quando o estudo alimentando os ratos utilizando 10