Metallosis-Induced Warm Antibody Auto-Immune Hemolytic Anemia After Bilateral, Large-Diameter Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty With Complete Remission After Revision

The use of metal-on-metal bearing couples in total hip arthroplasty can lead to an increased release of metal ions, particularly cobalt and chromium over time. This can lead to local and systemic metallosis, which has cytotoxic, genotoxic, and immunotoxic effects and can cause a host of secondary di...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Arthroplasty today 2024-10, Vol.29, p.101471, Article 101471
Main Authors: Heimann, Alexander Frank, Gautier, Emanuel, Schwab, Joseph M., Wahl, Peter, Tannast, Moritz, Levrat, Emmanuel, Raabe, Ines
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Complete remission
Hemolytic anemia
LH-MoM THA
Metal-on-metal
Total hip arthroplasty
Wear
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Summary:The use of metal-on-metal bearing couples in total hip arthroplasty can lead to an increased release of metal ions, particularly cobalt and chromium over time. This can lead to local and systemic metallosis, which has cytotoxic, genotoxic, and immunotoxic effects and can cause a host of secondary disorders. We describe the case of a 37-year-old female patient that was diagnosed with warm-antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA) one and a half years after bilateral large-diameter head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty. For 11 years, it was refractory to all therapy, including splenectomy and rituximab, requiring long-term oral prednisone for disease control. Ultimately, systemic metallosis and periprosthetic joint infection were diagnosed, requiring explantation of the prostheses. By the sixth week postoperatively, she experienced complete spontaneous remission of her WAIHA. In conclusion, WAIHA can be associated with systemic metallosis in patients with metal-on-metal prosthetic joint replacements. Both hematologists and orthopedic surgeons should be aware of this.
ISSN:2352-3441
2352-3441
DOI:10.1016/j.artd.2024.101471