Photocatalytic Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives Using Visible-Light-Responsive Strawberry Dye-Sensitized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

• Published in: Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-11, Vol.13 (23), p.3001
• Main Authors: Alotaibi, Mshari A, Alharthi, Abdulrahman I, Qahtan, Talal F, Alotibi, Satam, Alansi, Amani M, Bakht, Md Afroz
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aldehydes; Alternative energy sources; Analysis; Aromatic compounds; Carbon; Catalysts; Catalytic activity; Chemical reactions; Chemical synthesis; Coumarin; coumarin derivatives; Coumarins; Dyes; Ethanol; Identification and classification; Light; Methods; Nanoparticles; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; organic synthesis; Photocatalysis; Photocatalysts; photocatalytic synthesis; Pollutants; Properties; Pyrimidines; Recyclability; Renewable resources; Room temperature; Strawberries; strawberry dye; Structure; Sustainability; Synthesis; TiO2; Titanium dioxide; Urea; visible light; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
• ISSN: 2079-4991; 2079-4991
• DOI: 10.3390/nano13233001

This study presents a novel method for the photocatalytic synthesis of 4-aryl-6-(3-coumarinyl) pyrimidin-2 (1H)-ones (a coumarin derivative) using strawberry dye-sensitized TiO (SD-TiO ) under visible light. The synthesis of 4-aryl-6-(3-coumarinyl) pyrimidin-2 (1H)-ones was achieved through a three-component, one-pot condensation reaction involving 3-acetyl coumarin, aldehydes, and urea, utilizing SD-TiO as a reusable and innovative photocatalyst at room temperature. The resulting SD-TiO photocatalyst was thoroughly characterized using FT-IR, XPS, XRD, SEM, and BET. The efficacy of SD-TiO was evaluated by comparing it to pristine TiO in terms of photocatalytic activity, and the optimal conditions for the synthesis process were determined. Notably, the SD-TiO photocatalyst exhibited a maximum yield of the compound, reaching up to 96% in just 30 min with a catalyst concentration of 1 mg/mL. This yield surpasses traditional thermal procedures employing reflux conditions, where 1 mg/mL of SD-TiO is sufficient to complete the reaction. The resulting 4-aryl-6-(3-coumarinyl) pyrimidin-2 (1H)-ones were further characterized using H-NMR and C-NMR. Moreover, the stability of the SD-TiO photocatalyst was confirmed through recyclability experiments and spectroscopic characterization, demonstrating its practicality for up to three consecutive reaction cycles.