Etiology of IBD-Is It Still a Mystery?

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including colitis ulcerosa and Crohn's disease, are chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract for which the cause has not been fully understood. However, it is known that the etiology is multifactorial. The multidirectional network of interactions of envi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-10, Vol.23 (20), p.12445
Main Authors: Kofla-Dłubacz, Anna, Pytrus, Tomasz, Akutko, Katarzyna, Sputa-Grzegrzółka, Patrycja, Piotrowska, Aleksandra, Dzięgiel, Piotr
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
12/23 cytokines
adaptive immune response
Adaptive Immunity
Adaptive systems
Antibiotics
Antigens
Bacteria
Campylobacter
Colitis
Colitis, Ulcerative
Crohn's disease
Cytokines
E coli
Etiology
Fibrosis
Gastrointestinal system
Gastrointestinal tract
Genetic factors
Humans
IBD
IL10
Immune system
Infections
Inflammation
Inflammation - complications
Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Influence
innate immune response
Intestine
Microbiota
MMPs
Mutation
Pathogenesis
Pathogens
Remission (Medicine)
Review
Salmonella
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Description
Summary:Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including colitis ulcerosa and Crohn's disease, are chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract for which the cause has not been fully understood. However, it is known that the etiology is multifactorial. The multidirectional network of interactions of environmental, microbiological and genetic factors in predisposed persons lead to an excessive and insufficiently inhibited reaction of the immune system, leading to the development of chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal walls, the consequence of which is the loss of the function that the intestine performs, inter alia, through the process of fibrosis. Detailed knowledge of the pathways leading to chronic inflammation makes it possible to pharmacologically modulate disorders and effectively treatthese diseases. In this review, we described the primary and adaptive immune system response in the gut and the known immune pathogenetic pathways leading to the development of IBD. We also described the process leading to intestinal tissue fibrosis, which is an irreversible consequence of untreated IBD.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms232012445