Structure, Diversity, and Environmental Determinants of High-Latitude Threatened Conifer Forests

Pilgerodendron uviferum (D. Don) Florin is an endemic, threatened conifer that grows in South America. In the sub-Antarctic territory, one of the most isolated places in the world, some forest patches remain untouched since the last glaciation. In this study, we analyze the tree structure and tree d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Forests 2021-06, Vol.12 (6), p.775
Main Authors: Esse, Carlos, Correa-Araneda, Francisco, Acuña, Cristian, Santander-Massa, Rodrigo, De Los Ríos-Escalante, Patricio, Saavedra, Pablo, Jaque-Jaramillo, Ximena, Moreno, Roberto, García-Meneses, Paola Massyel, Soto, Daniel P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biodiversity
biodiversity indexes
Climate change
Coniferous forests
Coniferous trees
Conifers
Endangered & extinct species
Environmental conditions
Forest communities
Forests
Glaciation
Glaciology
Islands
Kawésqar National Park
Moisture content
National parks
Organic matter
Organic soils
Patagonia
Peatlands
Pilger mill
Pilgerodendron uviferum
Plant diversity
Plant species
Precipitation
Software
Soil water
sub-Antarctic
Trees
Vegetation
Water table
Wildlife conservation
WorldClim
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Summary:Pilgerodendron uviferum (D. Don) Florin is an endemic, threatened conifer that grows in South America. In the sub-Antarctic territory, one of the most isolated places in the world, some forest patches remain untouched since the last glaciation. In this study, we analyze the tree structure and tree diversity and characterize the environmental conditions where P. uviferum-dominated stands develop within the Magellanic islands in Kawésqar National Park, Chile. An environmental matrix using the databases WorldClim and SoilGrids and local topography variables was used to identify the main environmental variables that explain the P. uviferum-dominated stands. PCA was used to reduce the environmental variables, and PERMANOVA and nMDS were used to evaluate differences among forest communities. The results show that two forest communities are present within the Magellanic islands. Both forest communities share the fact that they can persist over time due to the high water table that limits the competitive effect from other tree species less tolerant to high soil water table and organic matter. Our results contribute to knowledge of the species’ environmental preference and design conservation programs.
ISSN:1999-4907
1999-4907
DOI:10.3390/f12060775