Placental damage comparison between preeclampsia with COVID-19, COVID-19, and preeclampsia: analysis of caspase-3, caspase-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expressionAJOG Global Reports at a Glance

BACKGROUND: Some studies have reported that preeclampsia with COVID-19 significantly increases the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes to nearly 3-fold in normal pregnancy. In theory, the pathophysiology of preeclampsia increases perinatal mortality and morbidity starting from placental injury, which...

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Published in:AJOG global reports 2023-08, Vol.3 (3), p.100234
Main Authors: Muhammad Adrianes Bachnas, MD, PhD, Aira Oklatihana Putri, MD, Elita Rahmi, MD, Rosita Alifa Pranabakti, MD, Nutria Widya Purna Anggraini, MD, Lini Astetri, MD, Eric Edwin Yuliantara, MD, Wisnu Prabowo, MD, Supriyadi Hari Respati, MD, PhD
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
COVID-19
placental damage
preeclampsia
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Summary:BACKGROUND: Some studies have reported that preeclampsia with COVID-19 significantly increases the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes to nearly 3-fold in normal pregnancy. In theory, the pathophysiology of preeclampsia increases perinatal mortality and morbidity starting from placental injury, which is also believed to share a common pathway with COVID-19. Moreover, major placental injuries could be apoptotic, necrotic, or pyroptotic. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the placental damage between Preeclampsia with COVID-19, COVID-19, and preeclampsia in apoptotic, necrotic, or pyroptotic injuries. STUDY DESIGN: This was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional setting. A total of 72 pregnant women were admitted to the hospital with diagnoses of preeclampsia with COVID-19, preeclampsia, and COVID-19. The diagnosis for preeclampsia was following the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics criteria with at least 1 of the severe features. Patients with COVID-19 were eligible if they had a confirmatory polymerase chain reaction test with moderate to severe clinical degree. The placentas were taken after delivery, and the parameters were quantified with immunohistochemistry tests for caspase-3, caspase-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha representing apoptotic, pyroptotic, and necrotic pathways, respectively. RESULTS: Pregnancies complicated by both COVID-19 and preeclampsia, preeclampsia, and COVID-19 significantly had the highest placental damage on apoptotic, pyroptotic, and necrotic pathways shown from caspase-3, caspase-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expressions in the placenta (P
ISSN:2666-5778
2666-5778