Evaluation of Sown Cover Crops and Spontaneous Weed Flora as a Potential Reservoir of Black-Foot Pathogens in Organic Viticulture

(1) Background. An extensive survey of grapevine-sown cover crops and spontaneous weed flora was conducted from 2019 to 2020 in organic vineyards in six European countries (France, Italy, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland). Our main objective was to detect and identify the presence of Cylindroca...

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Published in:Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-06, Vol.10 (6), p.498
Main Authors: León, Maela, Berbegal, Mónica, Abad-Campos, Paloma, Ramón-Albalat, Antonio, Caffi, Tito, Rossi, Vittorio, Hasanaliyeva, Gultakin, Noceto, Pierre Antoine, Wipf, Daniel, Širca, Saša, Razinger, Jaka, Fragnière, Anne-Laure, Kehrli, Patrik, Ranca, Aurora, Petrescu, Anamaria, Armengol, Josep
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Asexuality
Carbon sequestration
Cover crops
Crop diseases
Crops
Culture media
Dactylonectria
Dactylonectria torresensis
Flowers & plants
Foot diseases
Histone H3
Histones
Ilyonectria
Indigenous species
Inoculum
Nematodes
Nucleotide sequence
Organic matter
Organic soils
Pathogens
Roots
soil-borne fungi
Vegetation
Vineyards
Viticulture
Wineries & vineyards
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Summary:(1) Background. An extensive survey of grapevine-sown cover crops and spontaneous weed flora was conducted from 2019 to 2020 in organic vineyards in six European countries (France, Italy, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland). Our main objective was to detect and identify the presence of Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs species associated with black-foot disease on their roots. (2) Methods. Fungal isolations from root fragments were performed on culture media. Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morph species were identified by analyzing the DNA sequence data of the histone H3 (his3) gene region. In all, 685 plants belonging to different botanical families and genera were analyzed. Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs were recovered from 68 plants (9.9% of the total) and approximately 0.97% of the plated root fragments. (3) Results. Three fungal species (Dactylonectria alcacerensis, Dactylonectria torresensis, Ilyonectria robusta) were identified. Dactylonectria torresensis was the most frequent, and was isolated from many cover crop species in all six countries. A principal component analysis with the vineyard variables showed that seasonal temperatures and organic matter soil content correlated positively with Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs incidence. (4) Conclusions. The presence of Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs on roots of cover crops suggests that they can potentially act as alternative hosts for long-term survival or to increase inoculum levels in vineyard soils.
ISSN:2079-7737
2079-7737
DOI:10.3390/biology10060498