Experimental Design as a Tool for Optimizing and Predicting the Nanofiltration Performance by Treating Antibiotic-Containing Wastewater

In recent years, there has been an increase in studies regarding nanofiltration-based processes for removing antibiotics and other pharmaceutical compounds from water and wastewater. In this work, a 2k factorial design with five control factors (antibiotic molecular weight and concentration, nanofil...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Membranes (Basel) 2020-07, Vol.10 (7), p.156
Main Authors: de Souza, Dalva Inês, Giacobbo, Alexandre, da Silva Fernandes, Eduardo, Rodrigues, Marco Antônio Siqueira, de Pinho, Maria Norberta, Bernardes, Andréa Moura
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adsorption
antibiotic in wastewater
Antibiotics
Design of experiments
Design optimization
Experimental design
Experiments
Factorial design
Flow rates
Flow velocity
Fluxes
Membranes
Molecular weight
Nanofiltration
Nanotechnology
Norfloxacin
Pathogens
Performance prediction
Pharmaceutical industry
Principal components analysis
Regression models
Sulfamethoxazole
Variables
Wastewater
Wastewater treatment
Water treatment
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Summary:In recent years, there has been an increase in studies regarding nanofiltration-based processes for removing antibiotics and other pharmaceutical compounds from water and wastewater. In this work, a 2k factorial design with five control factors (antibiotic molecular weight and concentration, nanofiltration (NF) membrane, feed flow rate, and transmembrane pressure) was employed to optimize the NF performance on the treatment of antibiotic-containing wastewater. The resulting multiple linear regression model was used to predict the antibiotic rejections and permeate fluxes. Additional experiments, using the same membranes and the same antibiotics, but under different conditions of transmembrane pressure, feed flow rate, and antibiotic concentration regarding the 2k factorial design were carried out to validate the model developed. The model was also evaluated as a tertiary treatment of urban wastewater for removing sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin. Considering all the conditions investigated, the tightest membrane (NF97) showed higher antibiotics rejection (>97%) and lower permeate fluxes. On the contrary, the loose NF270 membrane presented lower rejections to sulfamethoxazole, the smallest antibiotic, varying from 65% to 97%, and permeate fluxes that were about three-fold higher than the NF97 membrane. The good agreement between predicted and experimental values (R2 > 0.97) makes the model developed in the present work a tool to predict the NF performance when treating antibiotic-containing wastewater.
ISSN:2077-0375
2077-0375
DOI:10.3390/membranes10070156