Orientation-Dependent High-Order Harmonic Generation from Monolayer ZnO

• Published in: Symmetry (Basel) 2023-07, Vol.15 (7), p.1427
• Main Authors: Hu, Zijian, Xie, Xiance, Yang, Zhihong, Wang, Yunhui, Jiang, Shicheng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Berry curvature; Curvature; Dipole moments; Eigenvectors; Electric fields; Graphene; Group velocity; Harmonic generations; high harmonic generation; laser-induced current; Lasers; Mixtures; Monolayers; Orientation; Spectrum analysis; Symmetry; Target detection; Zinc oxide
• ISSN: 2073-8994; 2073-8994
• DOI: 10.3390/sym15071427

Solid-state high-order harmonic generation (HHG) now is a strong tool for detecting target properties, like band structure, Berry curvature and transition dipole moments (TDMs). However, the physical mechanism of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solids has not been fully elucidated. According to previously published works, in addition to the inter-band polarization, intra-band currents, and anomalous currents due to Berry curvature, there is another term which will be called the mixture term (MT). Taking monolayer ZnO as a sample, it is found that the intensity of the mixture term, which has been ignored for a long time in previous works, actually is comparable with other terms. Additionally, we compare the orientation-dependent HHG spectra that originated from different mechanisms. It is found that the inter-band and mixture HHG show similar orientation features. Meanwhile, Berry curvature only produces perpendicularly polarized even harmonics, and intra-band perpendicularly polarized even harmonics show special orientation features which can be explained by the orientation-dependent group velocity. This work will help people understand the mechanisms of solid-HHG better.