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Urban malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: dynamic of the vectorial system and the entomological inoculation rate

Sub-Saharan Africa is registering one of the highest urban population growth across the world. It is estimated that over 75% of the population in this region will be living in urban settings by 2050. However, it is not known how this rapid urbanization will affect vector populations and disease tran...

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Published in:Malaria journal 2021-09, Vol.20 (1), p.1-364, Article 364
Main Authors: Doumbe-Belisse, P, Kopya, E, Ngadjeu, C. S, Sonhafouo-Chiana, N, Talipouo, A, Djamouko-Djonkam, L, Awono-Ambene, H. P, Wondji, C. S, Njiokou, F, Antonio-Nkondjio, C
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creator Doumbe-Belisse, P
Kopya, E
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Wondji, C. S
Njiokou, F
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description Sub-Saharan Africa is registering one of the highest urban population growth across the world. It is estimated that over 75% of the population in this region will be living in urban settings by 2050. However, it is not known how this rapid urbanization will affect vector populations and disease transmission. The present study summarizes findings from studies conducted in urban settings between the 1970s and 2020 to assess the effects of urbanization on the entomological inoculation rate pattern and anopheline species distribution. Different online databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Google were screened. A total of 90 publications were selected out of 1527. Besides, over 200 additional publications were consulted to collate information on anopheline breeding habitats and species distribution in urban settings. The study confirms high malaria transmission in rural compared to urban settings. The study also suggests that there had been an increase in malaria transmission in most cities after 2003, which could also be associated with an increase in sampling, resources and reporting. Species of the Anopheles gambiae complex were the predominant vectors in most urban settings. Anopheline larvae were reported to have adapted to different aquatic habitats. The study provides updated information on the distribution of the vector population and the dynamic of malaria transmission in urban settings. The study also highlights the need for implementing integrated control strategies in urban settings.
doi_str_mv 10.1186/s12936-021-03891-z
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subjects Anopheles
Aquatic habitats
Bionomic
Breeding
Data analysis
Diagnosis
Disease transmission
Distribution
Entomological inoculation rate
Epidemiology
Estimates
Geographical distribution
Habitats
Health aspects
Human diseases
Inoculation
Integrated control
Larvae
Malaria
Mosquitoes
Population
Population dynamics
Population growth
Review
Risk factors
Rural areas
Species
Sub-Saharan Africa
Urban areas
Urban populations
Urbanization
Vector-borne diseases
Vectors
title Urban malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: dynamic of the vectorial system and the entomological inoculation rate
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