Optimal Control of Wind Farms for Coordinated TSO-DSO Reactive Power Management

The growing importance of renewable generation connected to distribution grids requires an increased coordination between transmission system operators (TSOs) and distribution system operators (DSOs) for reactive power management. This work proposes a practical and effective interaction method based...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energies (Basel) 2018-01, Vol.11 (1), p.173
Main Authors: Stock, David, Sala, Francesco, Berizzi, Alberto, Hofmann, Lutz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
active distribution system
Computer simulation
distributed generation
Distribution management
Energy management
Feasibility studies
grid ancillary services
Multiple objective analysis
Optimal control
optimal power flow
Optimization
Power flow
Power management
Reactive power
reactive power control
Reduced order models
smart grids
transmission system
voltage control
Wind farms
Wind power
wind power grid integration
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Summary:The growing importance of renewable generation connected to distribution grids requires an increased coordination between transmission system operators (TSOs) and distribution system operators (DSOs) for reactive power management. This work proposes a practical and effective interaction method based on sequential optimizations to evaluate the reactive flexibility potential of distribution networks and to dispatch them along with traditional synchronous generators, keeping to a minimum the information exchange. A modular optimal power flow (OPF) tool featuring multi-objective optimization is developed for this purpose. The proposed method is evaluated for a model of a real German 110 kV grid with 1.6 GW of installed wind power capacity and a reduced order model of the surrounding transmission system. Simulations show the benefit of involving wind farms in reactive power support reducing losses both at distribution and transmission level. Different types of setpoints are investigated, showing the feasibility for the DSO to fulfill also individual voltage and reactive power targets over multiple connection points. Finally, some suggestions are presented to achieve a fair coordination, combining both TSO and DSO requirements.
ISSN:1996-1073
1996-1073
DOI:10.3390/en11010173