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The effects of Astragalus polysaccharides, tragacanthin, and bassorin on methotrexate-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Background and purpose: One strategy to overcome methotrexate (MTX) resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is suppressing MDR1 expression. It has been proved Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) exert their anticancer effect by reversing drug resistance. Due to the structural similarity of tragacant...
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Published in: | Research in pharmaceutical sciences 2023-07, Vol.18 (4), p.381-391 |
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description | Background and purpose: One strategy to overcome methotrexate (MTX) resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is suppressing MDR1 expression. It has been proved Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) exert their anticancer effect by reversing drug resistance. Due to the structural similarity of tragacanthin and bassorin with APS, we aimed to investigate the effects of the aforementioned polysaccharides on the expression of the MDR1 gene in the MTX-treated CCRF-CEM cells.
Experimental approach: Cytotoxicity of APS, bassorin, and tragacanthin on CCRF-CEM, CCRF-CEM/MTX (cells treated with MTX at IC50), and CCRF-CEM/R cells (CCRF-CEM cells resistant to MTX) was evaluated by MTT assay. The effect of all three compounds on MDR1 expression was evaluated using RT-PCR.
Findings/Results: All the concentrations of tragacanthin, bassorin, and APS (except at 0.8-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM) decreased the viability of all the cells compared to the negative control group; and against the positive control (MTX-treated cells), only bassorin at 20-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/R and tragacanthin at 50 and 100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/MTX and at 2-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/R decreased cell viability. Tragacanthin diminished MDR1 expression in CCRF-CEM/MTX and CCRF-CEM/R cells, which MTX had already induced.
Conclusion and implication: According to the results of this study, tragacanthin was a potent cytotoxic agent against CCRF-CEM cells and enhanced the chemosensitivity of CCRF-CEM/MTX and CCRF-CEM/R cells to MTX by down-regulation of MDR1 gene expression. Therefore, it could be a promising compound against cancer. Other possible mechanisms of action of tragacanthin should be evaluated and further in vitro and in vivo investigations are required. |
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fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_doaj_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_1fd5d535001046ceba6835271773594e</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A754915588</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_1fd5d535001046ceba6835271773594e</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A754915588</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c534l-aa339041e1aa4345a50040b972f2c2a74393fe94ad0cc43a4c7218051703f9773</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptks2L2zAQxU1poct27z0Keulhk0qWZNmnEpZ-LCyUwvYsJvIo1ka2UsluGugfXyVOSwO1DxYz7_08Hr-ieM3oUjDK3zHF5ULyqlxyVdNaPiuuTqVGMPH8fD62XxY3KT3RfImmVE15Vfx67JCgtWjGRIIlqzRG2ICfEtkFf0hgTAfRtZhuyaljYBg7N9wSGFqyhpRCdAMJA-lx7MIY8SeMuIiYXBqzlICZRiT-0O-6sPaQRmeIx2mLvYNXxQsLPuHN-XldfPv44fHu8-Lhy6f7u9XDwkgu_AKA84YKhgxAcCFB5vnpulGlLU0JSvCGW2wEtNQYwUEYVbKaSqYot41S_Lq4n7ltgCe9i66HeNABnD4VQtxoiHkwj5rZVraS5zcwKiqDa6hqLkvFMkY2AjPr_czaTeseW4NDXou_gF52BtfpTfihM0_wqpKZ8PZMiOH7hGnUvUsGvYcBw5R0WUtVi4pVTZa-maX5j6B2g80LBnOU65WSomFS1nVWLf-jynebl2zCgNbl-oWBzgYTQ0oR7d_xGdXHQOljYvQxMXoOVLZ8nS374EeMaeunPUadv3M7hP2Fb_GPT_Oa6RwxfY6YDlb_iRj_DafJ2RI</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2857846169</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The effects of Astragalus polysaccharides, tragacanthin, and bassorin on methotrexate-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia</title><source>Open Access: PubMed Central</source><source>EZB Electronic Journals Library</source><creator>Samii, Bahareh ; Jafarian, Abbas ; Rabbani, Mohamad ; Zolfaghari, Behzad ; Rahgozar, Soheila ; Pouraboutaleb, Elnaz</creator><creatorcontrib>Samii, Bahareh ; Jafarian, Abbas ; Rabbani, Mohamad ; Zolfaghari, Behzad ; Rahgozar, Soheila ; Pouraboutaleb, Elnaz</creatorcontrib><description>Background and purpose: One strategy to overcome methotrexate (MTX) resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is suppressing MDR1 expression. It has been proved Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) exert their anticancer effect by reversing drug resistance. Due to the structural similarity of tragacanthin and bassorin with APS, we aimed to investigate the effects of the aforementioned polysaccharides on the expression of the MDR1 gene in the MTX-treated CCRF-CEM cells.
Experimental approach: Cytotoxicity of APS, bassorin, and tragacanthin on CCRF-CEM, CCRF-CEM/MTX (cells treated with MTX at IC50), and CCRF-CEM/R cells (CCRF-CEM cells resistant to MTX) was evaluated by MTT assay. The effect of all three compounds on MDR1 expression was evaluated using RT-PCR.
Findings/Results: All the concentrations of tragacanthin, bassorin, and APS (except at 0.8-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM) decreased the viability of all the cells compared to the negative control group; and against the positive control (MTX-treated cells), only bassorin at 20-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/R and tragacanthin at 50 and 100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/MTX and at 2-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/R decreased cell viability. Tragacanthin diminished MDR1 expression in CCRF-CEM/MTX and CCRF-CEM/R cells, which MTX had already induced.
Conclusion and implication: According to the results of this study, tragacanthin was a potent cytotoxic agent against CCRF-CEM cells and enhanced the chemosensitivity of CCRF-CEM/MTX and CCRF-CEM/R cells to MTX by down-regulation of MDR1 gene expression. Therefore, it could be a promising compound against cancer. Other possible mechanisms of action of tragacanthin should be evaluated and further in vitro and in vivo investigations are required.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1735-5362</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1735-9414</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.378085</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>India: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow Publications</publisher><subject>Acute lymphocytic leukemia ; all; aps; bassorin; mdr1 gene; tragacanthin ; Astragalus (Plants) ; Care and treatment ; Chemical properties ; Drug resistance ; Genetic aspects ; Health aspects ; Original ; Physiological aspects ; Polysaccharides</subject><ispartof>Research in pharmaceutical sciences, 2023-07, Vol.18 (4), p.381-391</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright: © 2023 Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c534l-aa339041e1aa4345a50040b972f2c2a74393fe94ad0cc43a4c7218051703f9773</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10443665/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10443665/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Samii, Bahareh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jafarian, Abbas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rabbani, Mohamad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zolfaghari, Behzad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahgozar, Soheila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pouraboutaleb, Elnaz</creatorcontrib><title>The effects of Astragalus polysaccharides, tragacanthin, and bassorin on methotrexate-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia</title><title>Research in pharmaceutical sciences</title><description>Background and purpose: One strategy to overcome methotrexate (MTX) resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is suppressing MDR1 expression. It has been proved Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) exert their anticancer effect by reversing drug resistance. Due to the structural similarity of tragacanthin and bassorin with APS, we aimed to investigate the effects of the aforementioned polysaccharides on the expression of the MDR1 gene in the MTX-treated CCRF-CEM cells.
Experimental approach: Cytotoxicity of APS, bassorin, and tragacanthin on CCRF-CEM, CCRF-CEM/MTX (cells treated with MTX at IC50), and CCRF-CEM/R cells (CCRF-CEM cells resistant to MTX) was evaluated by MTT assay. The effect of all three compounds on MDR1 expression was evaluated using RT-PCR.
Findings/Results: All the concentrations of tragacanthin, bassorin, and APS (except at 0.8-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM) decreased the viability of all the cells compared to the negative control group; and against the positive control (MTX-treated cells), only bassorin at 20-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/R and tragacanthin at 50 and 100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/MTX and at 2-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/R decreased cell viability. Tragacanthin diminished MDR1 expression in CCRF-CEM/MTX and CCRF-CEM/R cells, which MTX had already induced.
Conclusion and implication: According to the results of this study, tragacanthin was a potent cytotoxic agent against CCRF-CEM cells and enhanced the chemosensitivity of CCRF-CEM/MTX and CCRF-CEM/R cells to MTX by down-regulation of MDR1 gene expression. Therefore, it could be a promising compound against cancer. Other possible mechanisms of action of tragacanthin should be evaluated and further in vitro and in vivo investigations are required.</description><subject>Acute lymphocytic leukemia</subject><subject>all; aps; bassorin; mdr1 gene; tragacanthin</subject><subject>Astragalus (Plants)</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Chemical properties</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Polysaccharides</subject><issn>1735-5362</issn><issn>1735-9414</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptks2L2zAQxU1poct27z0Keulhk0qWZNmnEpZ-LCyUwvYsJvIo1ka2UsluGugfXyVOSwO1DxYz7_08Hr-ieM3oUjDK3zHF5ULyqlxyVdNaPiuuTqVGMPH8fD62XxY3KT3RfImmVE15Vfx67JCgtWjGRIIlqzRG2ICfEtkFf0hgTAfRtZhuyaljYBg7N9wSGFqyhpRCdAMJA-lx7MIY8SeMuIiYXBqzlICZRiT-0O-6sPaQRmeIx2mLvYNXxQsLPuHN-XldfPv44fHu8-Lhy6f7u9XDwkgu_AKA84YKhgxAcCFB5vnpulGlLU0JSvCGW2wEtNQYwUEYVbKaSqYot41S_Lq4n7ltgCe9i66HeNABnD4VQtxoiHkwj5rZVraS5zcwKiqDa6hqLkvFMkY2AjPr_czaTeseW4NDXou_gF52BtfpTfihM0_wqpKZ8PZMiOH7hGnUvUsGvYcBw5R0WUtVi4pVTZa-maX5j6B2g80LBnOU65WSomFS1nVWLf-jynebl2zCgNbl-oWBzgYTQ0oR7d_xGdXHQOljYvQxMXoOVLZ8nS374EeMaeunPUadv3M7hP2Fb_GPT_Oa6RwxfY6YDlb_iRj_DafJ2RI</recordid><startdate>20230701</startdate><enddate>20230701</enddate><creator>Samii, Bahareh</creator><creator>Jafarian, Abbas</creator><creator>Rabbani, Mohamad</creator><creator>Zolfaghari, Behzad</creator><creator>Rahgozar, Soheila</creator><creator>Pouraboutaleb, Elnaz</creator><general>Wolters Kluwer - Medknow Publications</general><general>Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd</general><general>Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd</general><general>Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230701</creationdate><title>The effects of Astragalus polysaccharides, tragacanthin, and bassorin on methotrexate-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia</title><author>Samii, Bahareh ; Jafarian, Abbas ; Rabbani, Mohamad ; Zolfaghari, Behzad ; Rahgozar, Soheila ; Pouraboutaleb, Elnaz</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c534l-aa339041e1aa4345a50040b972f2c2a74393fe94ad0cc43a4c7218051703f9773</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Acute lymphocytic leukemia</topic><topic>all; aps; bassorin; mdr1 gene; tragacanthin</topic><topic>Astragalus (Plants)</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Chemical properties</topic><topic>Drug resistance</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Polysaccharides</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Samii, Bahareh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jafarian, Abbas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rabbani, Mohamad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zolfaghari, Behzad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahgozar, Soheila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pouraboutaleb, Elnaz</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Research in pharmaceutical sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Samii, Bahareh</au><au>Jafarian, Abbas</au><au>Rabbani, Mohamad</au><au>Zolfaghari, Behzad</au><au>Rahgozar, Soheila</au><au>Pouraboutaleb, Elnaz</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effects of Astragalus polysaccharides, tragacanthin, and bassorin on methotrexate-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia</atitle><jtitle>Research in pharmaceutical sciences</jtitle><date>2023-07-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>381</spage><epage>391</epage><pages>381-391</pages><issn>1735-5362</issn><eissn>1735-9414</eissn><abstract>Background and purpose: One strategy to overcome methotrexate (MTX) resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is suppressing MDR1 expression. It has been proved Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) exert their anticancer effect by reversing drug resistance. Due to the structural similarity of tragacanthin and bassorin with APS, we aimed to investigate the effects of the aforementioned polysaccharides on the expression of the MDR1 gene in the MTX-treated CCRF-CEM cells.
Experimental approach: Cytotoxicity of APS, bassorin, and tragacanthin on CCRF-CEM, CCRF-CEM/MTX (cells treated with MTX at IC50), and CCRF-CEM/R cells (CCRF-CEM cells resistant to MTX) was evaluated by MTT assay. The effect of all three compounds on MDR1 expression was evaluated using RT-PCR.
Findings/Results: All the concentrations of tragacanthin, bassorin, and APS (except at 0.8-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM) decreased the viability of all the cells compared to the negative control group; and against the positive control (MTX-treated cells), only bassorin at 20-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/R and tragacanthin at 50 and 100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/MTX and at 2-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/R decreased cell viability. Tragacanthin diminished MDR1 expression in CCRF-CEM/MTX and CCRF-CEM/R cells, which MTX had already induced.
Conclusion and implication: According to the results of this study, tragacanthin was a potent cytotoxic agent against CCRF-CEM cells and enhanced the chemosensitivity of CCRF-CEM/MTX and CCRF-CEM/R cells to MTX by down-regulation of MDR1 gene expression. Therefore, it could be a promising compound against cancer. Other possible mechanisms of action of tragacanthin should be evaluated and further in vitro and in vivo investigations are required.</abstract><cop>India</cop><pub>Wolters Kluwer - Medknow Publications</pub><doi>10.4103/1735-5362.378085</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Acute lymphocytic leukemia all aps bassorin mdr1 gene tragacanthin Astragalus (Plants) Care and treatment Chemical properties Drug resistance Genetic aspects Health aspects Original Physiological aspects Polysaccharides |
title | The effects of Astragalus polysaccharides, tragacanthin, and bassorin on methotrexate-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
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