Characterization of Serum Cytokine Patterns in Frequent-Exacerbation Asthma: Implications for Phenotyping and Management

(1) Background: Asthma exacerbations represent significant clinical events, however, the underlying inflammatory mechanisms and cytokine profiles in patients with frequent exacerbations remain incompletely understood; (2) Methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional study of 120 stable asthma patie...

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Published in:Advances in respiratory medicine 2024-12, Vol.92 (6), p.538-547
Main Authors: Bang, Dao Ngoc, The, Pham Dac, Nhung, Pham Thi Kim, Dung, Nguyen Tien, Tuan, Bach Quoc, Duong, Vu Minh, Hien, Le Thi Dieu, Thang, Ta Ba
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Asthma - blood
asthma phenotype
Cross-Sectional Studies
Cytokines - blood
Female
frequent asthma exacerbations
Humans
Interferon-gamma - blood
Interleukin-12 - blood
Interleukin-13 - blood
Interleukin-17 - blood
Interleukin-4 - blood
Male
Middle Aged
Phenotype
Prospective Studies
serum cytokine
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - blood
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Summary:(1) Background: Asthma exacerbations represent significant clinical events, however, the underlying inflammatory mechanisms and cytokine profiles in patients with frequent exacerbations remain incompletely understood; (2) Methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional study of 120 stable asthma patients, we compared the serum concentrations of eight key cytokines (IL-4, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-α, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β) between two groups: 60 patients with frequent exacerbations (≥ 2 events per year) and 60 matched controls with few exacerbations (1 event per year); (3) Results: Patients with frequent exacerbations showed significantly higher serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-13 ( < 0.05), along with an increased prevalence of allergic history and comorbidities (chronic rhinosinusitis, GERD, OSA; all < 0.05). The IgE levels correlated positively with IFN-α (rh = 0.26) and TNF-α (rh = 0.29), while the FeNO levels correlated with IL-17 (rh = 0.26) and IL-1β (rh = 0.33) (all < 0.05); (4) Conclusions: Our findings identify a distinct cytokine signature in frequent exacerbators characterized by elevated IL-4 and IL-13 levels. The correlations between specific cytokines and established biomarkers suggest potential mechanisms underlying exacerbation susceptibility, which may inform targeted therapeutic strategies for this high-risk population.
ISSN:2543-6031
2543-6031
DOI:10.3390/arm92060047