Digital interaction literacy model – Conceptualizing competencies for literate interactions with voice-based AI systems

• Published in: Computers and education. Artificial intelligence 2023, Vol.4, p.100114, Article 100114
• Main Authors: Carolus, Astrid, Augustin, Yannik, Markus, André, Wienrich, Carolin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AI literacy; Competence model; Digital competencies; Human-centered AI; Intelligent voice assistant; Voice-based AI
• ISSN: 2666-920X; 2666-920X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100114

AI-based systems, and especially voice-based AI systems, are gaining popularity and set novel requirements for end users. Research has provided first approaches postulating and conceptualizing AI-related user competencies. However, voice-based technology utilizing spoken language for operation has been neglected so far. This study presents qualitative interviews of 12 experts in research, development, or design of voice-based AI and explores the skills and competencies which are needed to interact with VBAI in a self-determined and mindful manner. Analyses highlight that, contrary to existing assumptions and providers’ advertising promises, not only language skills but a wider variety of competencies is required. As a result, ten skills and competencies are derived and integrated into the model of “Digital Interaction Literacy - DIL”. The current paper contributes to a holistic model of AI Literacy using the example of voice-based AI technology. Wider implications for practice and science are discussed. •New theoretical insights•Based on expert interviews, a model of digital interaction literacy (DIL) was developed that summarizes on 10 subdimensions which competencies and skills users need for literate interaction with voice-based AI systems.•Unlike previous literacy models, our model includes psychological effects of IVAs that unconsciously affect users.•Basis for new Measurements•The DIL Model functions as a concept and basis for profound operationalization and measurability of the concept - an important topic in many domains.•Guideline for educational approaches•The model functions as a guideline for developing educational approaches to promote and practice literate interactions with AI-based systems preventing mindless interactions and fostering user awareness of problematic issues.•User-Centered Design•The DIL Model provides a foundation for developers and designers supporting a better understanding of users and user-centered design processes.