Gut Biofactory-Neurocompetent Metabolites within the Gastrointestinal Tract. A Scoping Review

The gut microbiota have gained much scientific attention recently. Apart from unravelling the taxonomic data, we should understand how the altered microbiota structure corresponds to functions of this complex ecosystem. The metabolites of intestinal microorganisms, especially bacteria, exert pleiotr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2020-11, Vol.12 (11), p.3369
Main Authors: Skonieczna-Żydecka, Karolina, Jakubczyk, Karolina, Maciejewska-Markiewicz, Dominika, Janda, Katarzyna, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, Karolina, Kaczmarczyk, Mariusz, Łoniewski, Igor, Marlicz, Wojciech
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Bacteria - metabolism
Bile acids
brain
Brain - microbiology
Carnitine
Catabolites
Choline
Digestive system
Dysbiosis - metabolism
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
Gastrointestinal system
Gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology
Humans
Intestinal microflora
Lecithin
Ligands
Mental health
Metabolism
Metabolites
microbiome
Microbiota
Microorganisms
Nervous system
Neurotransmitter Agents - metabolism
Neurotransmitters
Phosphatidylcholine
Physiology
Review
Serotonin
short chain fatty acids
Signal transduction
Small intestine
Smooth muscle
Stem cells
Tryptophan
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Summary:The gut microbiota have gained much scientific attention recently. Apart from unravelling the taxonomic data, we should understand how the altered microbiota structure corresponds to functions of this complex ecosystem. The metabolites of intestinal microorganisms, especially bacteria, exert pleiotropic effects on the human organism and contribute to the host systemic balance. These molecules play key roles in regulating immune and metabolic processes. A subset of them affect the gut brain axis signaling and balance the mental wellbeing. Neurotransmitters, short chain fatty acids, tryptophan catabolites, bile acids and phosphatidylcholine, choline, serotonin, and -carnitine metabolites possess high neuroactive potential. A scoping literature search in PubMed/Embase was conducted up until 20 June 2020, using three major search terms "microbiota metabolites" AND "gut brain axis" AND "mental health". This review aimed to enhance our knowledge regarding the gut microbiota functional capacity, and support current and future attempts to create new compounds for future clinical interventions.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu12113369