Flux of the Wetted Surface Area on Ships’ Hulls in Major Ports of Korea

Biofouling is a significant means for introducing non-indigenous marine species internationally, which can alter habitats and disturb marine ecosystems. This study estimated the flux of ships’ wetted surface area (WSA) to Korea in 2020 to assess the risks of biological invasion via biofouling on shi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of marine science and engineering 2023-06, Vol.11 (6), p.1129
Main Authors: Lee, Jin-Yong, Lee, Chang-Rae, Hyun, Bong-Gil, Choi, Keun-Hyung
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biofouling
bioinvasion
Biological invasions
Cargo ships
Container ships
Energy consumption
Fluctuations
Fouling
Fouling organisms
hull fouling
Indigenous species
Inspection
Introduced species
Marine ecosystems
marine invasive species
Nonnative species
Ports
Risk assessment
Ship hulls
Surface area
Tanker ships
wetted surface area (WSA)
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Summary:Biofouling is a significant means for introducing non-indigenous marine species internationally, which can alter habitats and disturb marine ecosystems. This study estimated the flux of ships’ wetted surface area (WSA) to Korea in 2020 to assess the risks of biological invasion via biofouling on ships’ hulls. The annual total WSA flux entering Korea was estimated to be 418.26 km2, with short-stay vessels (
ISSN:2077-1312
2077-1312
DOI:10.3390/jmse11061129