Implications of Endothelial Cell-Mediated Dysfunctions in Vasomotor Tone Regulation

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute the major cause of death worldwide and show a higher prevalence in the adult population. The human umbilical cord consistsof two arteries and one vein, both composed of three tunics. The tunica intima, lined with endothelial cells, regulates vascular tone thr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biologics (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-09, Vol.1 (2), p.231-251
Main Authors: Mangana, Carolina, Lorigo, Margarida, Cairrao, Elisa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Blood vessels
Cardiovascular disease
cardiovascular system
Collagen
Connective tissue
Diabetes
endothelial cells
Endothelium
Fetuses
Morphology
Physiology
Placenta
Smooth muscle
smooth muscle cells
umbilical artery
Umbilical cord
umbilical vein
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Summary:Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute the major cause of death worldwide and show a higher prevalence in the adult population. The human umbilical cord consistsof two arteries and one vein, both composed of three tunics. The tunica intima, lined with endothelial cells, regulates vascular tone through the production/release of vasoregulatory substances. These substances can be vasoactive factors released by endothelial cells (ECs) that cause vasodilation (NO, PGI2, EDHF, and Bradykinin) or vasoconstriction (ET1, TXA2, and Ang II) depending on the cell type (ECs or SMC) that reacts to the stimulus. Vascular studies using ECs are important for the analysis of cardiovascular diseases since endothelial dysfunction is an important CVD risk factor. In this paper, we will address the morphological characteristics of the human umbilical cord and its component vessels. the constitution of the vascular endothelium, and the evolution of human umbilical cord-derived endothelial cells when isolated. Moreover, the role played by the endothelium in the vasomotor tone regulation, and how it may be associated with the existence of CVD, were discussed.
ISSN:2673-8449
2673-8449
DOI:10.3390/biologics1020015