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Effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention to face the COVID-19 pandemic in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas: difference-in-differences analysis

IntroductionFew community-based interventions addressing the transmission control and clinical management of COVID-19 cases have been reported, especially in poor urban communities from low-income and middle-income countries. Here, we analyse the impact of a multicomponent intervention that combines...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BMJ global health 2023-05, Vol.8 (5), p.e009997
Main Authors: Batista-da-Silva, Amanda de Araujo, Moraes, Camila Barros, Bozza, Helena Rodrigues, Bastos, Leonardo dos Santos Lourenço, Ranzani, Otavio T, Hamacher, Silvio, Bozza, Fernando Augusto
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Language:English
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Summary:IntroductionFew community-based interventions addressing the transmission control and clinical management of COVID-19 cases have been reported, especially in poor urban communities from low-income and middle-income countries. Here, we analyse the impact of a multicomponent intervention that combines community engagement, mobile surveillance, massive testing and telehealth on COVID-19 cases detection and mortality rates in a large vulnerable community (Complexo da Maré) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.MethodsWe performed a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis to estimate the impact of the multicomponent intervention in Maré, before (March–August 2020) and after the intervention (September 2020 to April 2021), compared with equivalent local vulnerable communities. We applied a negative binomial regression model to estimate the intervention effect in weekly cases and mortality rates in Maré.ResultsBefore the intervention, Maré presented lower rates of reported COVID-19 cases compared with the control group (1373 vs 1579 cases/100 000 population), comparable mortality rates (309 vs 287 deaths/100 000 population) and higher case fatality rates (13.7% vs 12.2%). After the intervention, Maré displayed a 154% (95% CI 138.6% to 170.4%) relative increase in reported case rates. Relative changes in reported death rates were −60% (95% CI −69.0% to −47.9%) in Maré and −28% (95% CI −42.0% to −9.8%) in the control group. The case fatality rate was reduced by 77% (95% CI −93.1% to −21.1%) in Maré and 52% (95% CI −81.8% to −29.4%) in the control group. The DID showed a reduction of 46% (95% CI 17% to 65%) of weekly reported deaths and an increased 23% (95% CI 5% to 44%) of reported cases in Maré after intervention onset.ConclusionAn integrated intervention combining communication, surveillance and telehealth, with a strong community engagement component, could reduce COVID-19 mortality and increase case detection in a large vulnerable community in Rio de Janeiro. These findings show that investment in community-based interventions may reduce mortality and improve pandemic control in poor communities from low-income and middle-income countries.
ISSN:2059-7908
2059-7908
DOI:10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009997