An Assessment of Liquid Biofuel Value Chains from Heavy-Metal Contaminated Feedstock

The present work aims to identify alternative liquid biofuel value chain scenarios utilizing heavy metal (HM)-contaminated biomass feedstocks. The analysis is based on breaking down existing liquid biofuel value chains, focusing on the required adaptations needed for clean biofuel production. State-...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Fuels 2022-09, Vol.3 (3), p.509-532
Main Authors: Giannopoulos, Dimitrios, Katsifis, Ilias, Katsourinis, Dimitrios, Rentizelas, Athanasios, Founti, Maria
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alternative energy sources
Biodiesel fuels
Biofuels
Biomass
Cellulose
contaminated biomass feedstock
Crops
Food contamination & poisoning
Greenhouse gases
heavy metals
Lignocellulose
liquid biofuels
Moisture content
Oils & fats
Particle size
Raw materials
Renewable resources
Supply chains
Value chain
value chains
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Summary:The present work aims to identify alternative liquid biofuel value chain scenarios utilizing heavy metal (HM)-contaminated biomass feedstocks. The analysis is based on breaking down existing liquid biofuel value chains, focusing on the required adaptations needed for clean biofuel production. State-of-the-art and emerging liquid biofuel production options are reviewed. The potential implications caused by the HM load in the biomass feedstock are analyzed along the whole biofuel production chain, which includes pre-processing, conversion and post-processing stages. The fate of the most common HM species present in contaminated biomass is identified and graphically represented for advanced (second generation) biofuel conversion processes. This information synthesis leads to the description of alternative value chains, capable of producing HM-free biofuel. This work goes a step further than existing reviews of experiments and simulations regarding heavy metal-contaminated biomass (HMCB) valorization to biofuels since feasible value chains are described by synthesizing the findings of the several studies examined. By defining the adapted value chains, the “road is paved” toward establishing realistic process chains and determining system boundaries, which actually are essential methodological steps of various critical evaluation and optimization methodologies, such as Life Cycle Assessment, supply chain optimization and techno-economic assessment of the total value chain.
ISSN:2673-3994
2673-3994
DOI:10.3390/fuels3030031