Japanese Encephalitis Virus: An Update on the Potential Antivirals and Vaccines

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the causal agent behind Japanese encephalitis (JE), a potentially severe brain infection that spreads through mosquito bites. JE is predominant over the Asia-Pacific Region and has the potential to spread globally with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Ef...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vaccines (Basel) 2023-03, Vol.11 (4), p.742
Main Authors: Srivastava, Kumar Saurabh, Jeswani, Vandana, Pal, Nabanita, Bohra, Babita, Vishwakarma, Vaishali, Bapat, Atharva Ashish, Patnaik, Yamini Prashanti, Khanna, Navin, Shukla, Rahul
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
antiviral
Antiviral agents
Dengue fever
Design and construction
Development and progression
drug
Drug therapy
Encephalitis
Epidemics
Epidemiology
Fatalities
Genomes
Infections
Japanese encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis (JE)
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)
Morbidity
Mosquitoes
Pathogenesis
Prevention
Proteins
Review
Side effects
Therapeutic targets
vaccine
Vaccines
Vector-borne diseases
Viral vaccines
Viruses
West Nile virus
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Summary:Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the causal agent behind Japanese encephalitis (JE), a potentially severe brain infection that spreads through mosquito bites. JE is predominant over the Asia-Pacific Region and has the potential to spread globally with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Efforts have been made to identify and select various target molecules essential in JEV's progression, but until now, no licensed anti-JEV drug has been available. From a prophylactic point of view, a few licensed JE vaccines are available, but various factors, viz., the high cost and different side effects imposed by them, has narrowed their global use. With an average occurrence of >67,000 cases of JE annually, there is an urgent need to find a suitable antiviral drug to treat patients at the acute phase, as presently only supportive care is available to mitigate infection. This systematic review highlights the current status of efforts put in to develop antivirals against JE and the available vaccines, along with their effectiveness. It also summarizes epidemiology, structure, pathogenesis, and potential drug targets that can be explored to develop a new range of anti-JEV drugs to combat JEV infection globally.
ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines11040742