Maternal Urinary Iodine Concentration during Pregnancy and Its Impact on Child Growth and Neurodevelopment: An 11-Year Follow-Up Study

Mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy is prevalent worldwide, but its consequences for maternal and child health are not clear. We aimed to investigate the impact of maternal iodine intake during pregnancy on the child’s growth and neurodevelopment. This study involved a cohort of 11-y...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2023-10, Vol.15 (20), p.4447
Main Authors: Lopes, Carla A., Duarte, Marta, Prazeres, Susana, Carvalho, Ivone, Vilarinho, Laura, Martinez-de-Oliveira, José, Limbert, Edward, Lemos, Manuel C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Child development
Children & youth
Confounding (Statistics)
Education
Families & family life
Family income
Gestational age
Growth
Intelligence
Iodine
Maternal & child health
neurodevelopment
Nutrition
Parent educational background
Pregnancy
Pregnant women
Regression analysis
Standard scores
Surveys
thyroid
Thyroid gland
Urine
Variance analysis
Womens health
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Summary:Mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy is prevalent worldwide, but its consequences for maternal and child health are not clear. We aimed to investigate the impact of maternal iodine intake during pregnancy on the child’s growth and neurodevelopment. This study involved a cohort of 11-year-old children (n = 70) whose mothers had participated in an iodine intake survey during pregnancy. Gestational, neonatal, anthropometric, intelligence quotient (IQ), and socioeconomic parameters were analyzed according to maternal urinary iodine concentration (UIC). There was a positive linear trend of current height Z-score, full-scale IQ, verbal IQ, family income, maternal education, and a negative trend of neonatal TSH levels with increasing maternal UIC levels. However, regression analysis indicated that maternal UIC was not an independent predictor of any gestational, neonatal, or childhood development parameter. Only maternal school education was positively associated with child height and IQ. In conclusion, we did not find any evidence of a direct effect of maternal iodine intake during pregnancy on the long-term growth and neurodevelopment of children. The results suggest that socioeconomic factors are important confounding factors that affect both maternal iodine intake and child development and must be considered when investigating the association between maternal iodine intake and child outcomes.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu15204447