Mechanisms and Target Parameters in Relation to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Physical Exercise: Focus on the Master Triad of Hormonal Changes, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among females of reproductive age with heterogeneous prevalence. It is well known that female reproductive competence depends on the dynamic regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis; therefore, disruption of this high...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedicines 2024-03, Vol.12 (3), p.560
Main Authors: Lőrincz, Csanád Endre, Börzsei, Denise, Hoffmann, Alexandra, Varga, Csaba, Szabó, Renáta
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aerobics
Androgens
Antioxidants
Cytokines
Defense mechanisms
Endocrine disorders
Estrogens
Exercise
Fertility
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Follicles
Homeostasis
hormonal imbalance
Hormones
Hypothalamus
Inflammation
Insulin resistance
Luteinizing hormone
Metabolism
Morphology
Neuroendocrine system
Obesity
Ovaries
Oxidative stress
Pathogenesis
Physical fitness
Pituitary
Pituitary gland
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Quality of life
Review
Stein-Leventhal syndrome
Type 2 diabetes
Womens health
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Summary:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among females of reproductive age with heterogeneous prevalence. It is well known that female reproductive competence depends on the dynamic regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis; therefore, disruption of this highly regulated system leads to fertility problems. Among disruptors, both oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to an increased LH-FSH ratio and a consequent hyperandrogenism. Shifts in this bidirectional interplay between the neuroendocrine system and oxidative/inflammatory homeostasis result in the accumulation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and inflammatory markers as well as alterations in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Evidence shows that lifestyle changes, including regular physical exercise, are recognized as the most effective first-line management to reduce the severity of PCOS symptoms. The aim of our narrative review is to provide insights into the mechanisms and target factors of PCOS-related hormonal changes, oxidative/antioxidant homeostasis, and inflammation, and to discuss the effects of exercise, which takes into account various factors, in relation to PCOS. A better understanding of the PCOS-associated hormonal changes, oxidative and inflammatory circuits, as well as exercise-induced mechanisms of action on those targets may improve the quality of life of women with PCOS.
ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines12030560