From Steam Engines to Chemical Reactions: Gibbs’ Contribution to the Extension of the Second Law

The present work analyzes the foundations of Gibbs' thermodynamic equilibrium theory, with the general aim of understanding how the Second Law-as formulated by Clausius in 1865-has been embodied into Gibbs' formal system and extended to processes involving chemical reactions. We show that...

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Published in:Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2016-05, Vol.18 (5), p.162-162
Main Authors: Pellegrino, Emilio Marco, Cerruti, Luigi, Ghibaudi, Elena
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chemical composition
chemical equilibrium
Chemical reactions
Entropy
Foundations
fundamental equations
Gibbs
potential
Second Law
Steam engines
Thermodynamic equilibrium
thermodynamic surface
Transformations
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description The present work analyzes the foundations of Gibbs' thermodynamic equilibrium theory, with the general aim of understanding how the Second Law-as formulated by Clausius in 1865-has been embodied into Gibbs' formal system and extended to processes involving chemical reactions. We show that Gibbs' principle of maximal entropy (and minimal energy) is the implicit expression of Clausius' Second Law. In addition, by making explicit some implicit passages of Gibbs logical path, we provide an original formal justification of Gibbs' principle. Finally we provide an analysis of how Gibbs' principle-conceived for homogeneous isolated systems with fixed chemical composition-has come to be applied to systems entailing chemical transformations.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/e18050162
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source Publicly Available Content Database; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
subjects Chemical composition
chemical equilibrium
Chemical reactions
Entropy
Foundations
fundamental equations
Gibbs
potential
Second Law
Steam engines
Thermodynamic equilibrium
thermodynamic surface
Transformations
title From Steam Engines to Chemical Reactions: Gibbs’ Contribution to the Extension of the Second Law
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