A Mechanistic Review on How Berberine Use Combats Diabetes and Related Complications: Molecular, Cellular, and Metabolic Effects

Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid that can be extracted from herbs such as Coptis, Phellodendron, and Berberis. BBR has been widely used as a folk medicine to treat various disorders. It is a multi-target drug with multiple mechanisms. Studies have shown that it has antioxidant and anti-in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-12, Vol.17 (1), p.7
Main Authors: Askari, Vahid Reza, Khosravi, Kimia, Baradaran Rahimi, Vafa, Garzoli, Stefania
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipocytes
Antidiabetics
Apolipoproteins
berberine
Blood sugar
Cardiomyocytes
Complications and side effects
Cytokines
Diabetes
Diabetics
Drug therapy
Gene expression
Glucagon
Glucose
Glycosylated hemoglobin
Hypoxia
inflammation
Insulin
Insulin resistance
Kinases
Lipids
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Nitric oxide
oxidative stress
Phosphorylation
Protein expression
Protein kinases
Proteins
Review
streptozotocin
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Type 2 diabetes
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Summary:Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid that can be extracted from herbs such as Coptis, Phellodendron, and Berberis. BBR has been widely used as a folk medicine to treat various disorders. It is a multi-target drug with multiple mechanisms. Studies have shown that it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can also adjust intestinal microbial flora. This review focused on the promising antidiabetic effects of BBR in several cellular, animal, and clinical studies. Based on previous research, BBR significantly reduced levels of fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1C, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, BBR stimulated insulin secretion and improved insulin resistance through different pathways, including up-regulation of protein expression of proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, glucose transporter (GLUT) 4, PI3K/AKT, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Interestingly, it was demonstrated that BBR has protective effects against diabetes complications, such as diabetic-induced hepatic damage, cardiovascular disorders, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Furthermore, multiple clinical trial studies have emphasized the ameliorative effects of BBR in type 2 diabetic patients.
ISSN:1424-8247
1424-8247
DOI:10.3390/ph17010007