The Wheat Head Blight Pathogen Fusarium graminearum Can Recruit Collaborating Bacteria from Soil

In nature, fungal endophytes often have facultative endohyphal bacteria (FEB). Can a model plant pathogenic fungus have them, and does it affect their phenotype? We constructed a growth system/microcosm to allow an F. graminearum isolate to grow through natural soil and then re-isolated it on a gent...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-09, Vol.11 (19), p.3004
Main Authors: Ali, Hina, Pei, Mengtian, Li, Hongchen, Fang, Wenqin, Mao, Hongkun, Khan, Hamid Ali, Nadeem, Tariq, Lu, Guodong, Olsson, Stefan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Endophytes
facultative endohyphal bacteria
fungal–bacterial interaction
Fungi
Fusarium head blight
Gentamicin
new enrichment and isolation technique
Nitrogen fixation
Nutrients
Pathogenicity
Phenotypes
Roads & highways
Soil microorganisms
symbiotic nitrogen fixation
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Summary:In nature, fungal endophytes often have facultative endohyphal bacteria (FEB). Can a model plant pathogenic fungus have them, and does it affect their phenotype? We constructed a growth system/microcosm to allow an F. graminearum isolate to grow through natural soil and then re-isolated it on a gentamicin-containing medium, allowing endohyphal growth of bacteria while killing other bacteria. F. graminearum PH-1 labelled with a His1mCherry gene staining the fungal nuclei fluorescent red was used to confirm the re-isolation of the fungus. Most new re-isolates contained about 10 16SrRNA genes per fungal mCherry gene determined by qPCR. The F. graminearum + FEB holobiont isolates containing the bacteria were sub-cultured several times, and their bacterial contents were stable. Sequencing the bacterial 16SrRNA gene from several Fg-FEB holobiont isolates revealed endophytic bacteria known to be capable of nitrogen fixation. We tested the pathogenicity of one common Fg-FEB holobiont association, F. graminearum + Stenatrophomonas maltophilia, and found increased pathogenicity. The 16SrRNA gene load per fungal His1mCherry gene inside the wheat stayed the same as previously found in vitro. Finally, strong evidence was found for Fg-S. maltophilia symbiotic nitrogen fixation benefitting the fungus.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells11193004