Neuroprotective Effect of Terpenoids Recovered from Olive Oil By-Products

• Published in: Foods 2021-06, Vol.10 (7), p.1507
• Main Authors: Suárez Montenegro, Zully J., Álvarez-Rivera, Gerardo, Sánchez-Martínez, José David, Gallego, Rocío, Valdés, Alberto, Bueno, Mónica, Cifuentes, Alejandro, Ibáñez, Elena
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetylcholinesterase; Acids; Adsorbates; adsorbent-assisted processes; Adsorbents; Adsorption; Aluminum; Aluminum oxide; Alzheimer's disease; Antioxidants; Biocompatibility; Biological activity; Blood-brain barrier; Byproducts; Carbon dioxide; Cytotoxicity; Food science; Gas chromatography; Inflammation; Liquid oxygen; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Metabolites; Monocytes; Monoterpenes; Neuroprotection; neuroprotective effect; Olive oil; olive oil by-products; Oxidative stress; Particle size; Pore size; Quadrupoles; Reactive nitrogen species; Reactive oxygen species; Selectivity; Sesquiterpenes; Silica; Silica gel; Silicon dioxide; Statistical analysis; supercritical CO2 extraction; Supercritical fluids; Terpenes; terpenes fractionation; Toxicity; Triterpenes; Zeolites
• ISSN: 2304-8158; 2304-8158
• DOI: 10.3390/foods10071507

The neuroprotective potential of 32 natural extracts obtained from olive oil by-products was investigated. The online coupling of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and dynamic adsorption/desorption allowed the selective enrichment of olive leaves extracts in different terpenoids’ families. Seven commercial adsorbents based on silica gel, zeolite, aluminum oxide, and sea sand were used with SFE at three different extraction times to evaluate their selectivity towards different terpene families. Collected fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS) to quantify the recoveries of monoterpenes (C10), sesquiterpenes (C15), diterpenes (C20), and triterpenes (C30). A systematic analysis of the neuroprotective activity of the natural extracts was then carried out. Thus, a set of in vitro bioactivity assays including enzymatic (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)), and anti-inflammatory (lipoxidase (LOX)), as well as antioxidant (ABTS), and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) activity tests were applied to screen for the neuroprotective potential of these extracts. Statistical analysis showed that olive leaves adsorbates from SS exhibited the highest biological activity potential in terms of neuroprotective effect. Blood–brain barrier permeation and cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells and human THP-1 monocytes were studied for the selected olive leaves fraction corroborating its potential.