Functionality appreciation is associated with improvements in positive and negative body image in patients with an eating disorder and following recovery

• Published in: Journal of eating disorders 2023-10, Vol.11 (1), p.1-179, Article 179
• Main Authors: Engel, Manja M, Woertman, E. M, Dijkerman, H. C, Keizer, A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anorexia; Attitudes; Binge eating; Body image; Bulimia; Care and treatment; Eating disorders; Functionality appreciation; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Negative body image; Personal appearance; Positive body image; Recovered eating disorder patients; Self image; Social networks
• ISSN: 2050-2974; 2050-2974
• DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00903-y

Background Research on body image in eating disorders has predominantly focused on negative body image, only recently shifting to positive body image. Findings suggest that enhancing positive body image can, amongst other things, serve as a protective mechanism against (re)developing a negative body image. One suggested way of enhancing positive body image is to focus on enhancing body functionality appreciation. Although studies show promising effects, this research is mainly conducted in non-clinical samples. Methods The current study investigated the levels of positive and negative body image in an online community sample of patients with an eating disorder (PAT, n = 227), patients recovered from an eating disorder (REC, n = 102) and controls (HC, n = 175) (self-reported diagnosis, not confirmed). In addition, we tested whether body functionality appreciation was associated with appearance dissatisfaction (negative body image) and body appreciation (positive body image). Results REC showed similar results to controls to most of the body image measures except for how much importance one places on their appearance (no different between REC and PAT), and how satisfied one is with certain body parts. For this measure, REC scored in-between PAT and HC. We further found functionality appreciation to be significantly associated with of both positive and negative body image, except for appearance evaluation in patients with an eating disorder. Conclusions This study showed a positive association between body functionality appreciation and positive body image and a negative association between body functionality appreciation and negative body image. Further research is required to investigate the effectiveness of interventions targeting body functionality appreciation in clinical settings. Keywords: Positive body image, Negative body image, Functionality appreciation, Eating disorders, Recovered eating disorder patients