Salivary defense proteins: their network and role in innate and acquired oral immunity

There are numerous defense proteins present in the saliva. Although some of these molecules are present in rather low concentrations, their effects are additive and/or synergistic, resulting in an efficient molecular defense network of the oral cavity. Moreover, local concentrations of these protein...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2012-04, Vol.13 (4), p.4295-4320
Main Authors: Fábián, Tibor Károly, Hermann, Péter, Beck, Anita, Fejérdy, Pál, Fábián, Gábor
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acquired
Adaptive Immunity - immunology
Adrenomedullin - immunology
Cathelicidins - immunology
defense
Defensins - immunology
Histatins - immunology
HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - immunology
Humans
immunity
Immunity, Innate - immunology
Immunoglobulin A - immunology
Immunoglobulin M - immunology
innate
Lactoferrin - immunology
Mouth Mucosa - immunology
oral
protein
Review
saliva
Saliva - immunology
Salivary Proteins and Peptides - immunology
Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor - immunology
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Summary:There are numerous defense proteins present in the saliva. Although some of these molecules are present in rather low concentrations, their effects are additive and/or synergistic, resulting in an efficient molecular defense network of the oral cavity. Moreover, local concentrations of these proteins near the mucosal surfaces (mucosal transudate), periodontal sulcus (gingival crevicular fluid) and oral wounds and ulcers (transudate) may be much greater, and in many cases reinforced by immune and/or inflammatory reactions of the oral mucosa. Some defense proteins, like salivary immunoglobulins and salivary chaperokine HSP70/HSPAs (70 kDa heat shock proteins), are involved in both innate and acquired immunity. Cationic peptides and other defense proteins like lysozyme, bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI), BPI-like proteins, PLUNC (palate lung and nasal epithelial clone) proteins, salivary amylase, cystatins, prolin-rich proteins, mucins, peroxidases, statherin and others are primarily responsible for innate immunity. In this paper, this complex system and function of the salivary defense proteins will be reviewed.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms13044295